Semantics and Theories of Semantics Essay Example for Free

Semantics and Theories of Semantics Essay Semantics is the investigation of importance in language. We realize that language is utilized to communicate implications which can be comprehended by others. In any case, implications exist in our psyches and we can communicate what is in our brains through the spoken and composed types of language (just as through motions, activity and so forth ). The sound examples of language are learned at the degree of phonology and the association of words and sentences is learned at the degree of morphology and grammar. These are thusly sorted out so that we can pass on significant messages or get and get messages. ‘How is language sorted out so as to be significant? ’ This is the inquiry we pose and endeavor to reply at the degree of semantics. Semantics is that degree of etymological examination where significance is dissected. It is the most unique degree of phonetic examination, since we can't see or watch importance as we can watch and record sounds. Which means is connected near the human ability to think consistently and to comprehend. So when we attempt to dissect meaning, we are attempting to investigate our own ability to think and comprehend, our own capacity to make meaning. Semantics worries about ‘giving an orderly record of the idea of meaning’ (Leech). Troubles in the Study of Meaning The issue of ‘meaning’ is very troublesome, it is a result of its strength that a few language specialists went on to the degree of barring semantics from phonetics. A notable structuralist offered the astounding expression that ‘linguistic arrangement of a languagedoes exclude the semantics. The framework is theoretical, it is a flagging framework, and when we study semantics we are done considering language yet the semantic framework related with language. The structralists were of the assessment that it is just the type of language which can be examined, and not the theoretical capacities. Both these are confusions. As of late a genuine intrigue has been taken in the different issues of semantics. Furthermore, semantics is being examined by the language specialists as well as by thinkers, clinicians, researchers, anthropologists and sociologists. Researchers have since a long time ago thought about what words mean or what they speak to, or how they are identified with the real world. They have on occasion pondered whether words are more genuine than items, and they have endeavored to locate the basic implications of words. It might be intriguing to ask whether words do have fundamental importance. For instance, troubles may emerge in discovering the fundamental significance of the word table in water table, feasting table, table alteration, and the table of 9. A theoretical word like great makes significantly more issues. It's not possible for anyone to precisely determine what great truly means, and how a speaker of English ever figures out how to utilize the word effectively. So the principle trouble is to account realities about basic implications, different implications, and word conditions. The connotating utilization of words adds further difficulties to any speculations about significance, especially their utilizations in representation and graceful language. Most importantly is the issue : where does significance exist: in the speaker or the audience or in both, or in the specific situation or circumstance ? Words are as a rule helpful units to state meaning. In any case, words have implications by temperance of their work in sentences, the vast majority of which contain more than single word. The importance of a sentence, however to a great extent reliant on the significance of its segment words taken exclusively, is additionally influenced by prosodic highlights. The inquiry whether word might be semantically portrayed or in disengagement, is more a matter of degree than of a basic answer yes or no. It is difficult to portray meaning enough some other route aside from by saying how words are normally utilized as a major aspect of longer sentences and how these sentences are utilized. The implications of sentences and their segments are better managed in etymology in turns of how they work than solely as far as what they allude to. Words are devices; they become significant by the capacity they play out, the activity they do, the manner in which they are utilized in specific sentences. Notwithstanding reference and capacity, researchers have additionally connected import talkie to mainstream chronicled contemplations, particularly historical background, while considering word-implications. Undobtedly the significance of any word is coolly the result of nonstop changes in its predecessor implications or utilizes, and as a rule it is the aggregate result of ages of social history. Word references regularly manage this kind of data in the event that it is accessible, yet in so ding they are going past the limits of synchronic proclamation to the different phonetic domain of verifiable clarification. Various answers have been given to the inquiries identified with significance. Therapists have attempted to survey the accessibility of particular sorts of reactions to objects, to encounters, and to words themselves. Logicians have proposed an assortment of frameworks and speculations to represent the information that intrigue them. Correspondence researchers have created data hypothesis with the goal that they can utilize numerical models to clarify precisely what is unsurprising and what isn't unsurprising when messages are diverted through different sorts of correspondence systems. From approaches like these a mind boggling cluster of originations of importance rises. Lexical and Grammatical Meaning When we talk about importance, we are discussing the capacity of people to comprehend each other when they talk. This capacity is somewhat associated with sentence structure. Nobody could comprehend: cap one the however red green on purchased attempted Rameez. while Rameez took a stab at the red had however purchased the green one causes no challenges. However there are various sentences which are totally syntactic, yet good for nothing. The most well known model is Chomsky’s sentence â€Å"Colourless green thoughts rest furiously†. Comparative different models are: * The tree ate the elephant. * The pregnant single guy brought forth six young ladies tomorrow. * The table wheezed. In a sentence, for example, Did you comprehend the basics of semantics? A language specialist needs to consider at any rate two distinct sorts of significance: lexical importance and linguistic importance. Full words have an inborn importance. They allude to items, activities and characteristics that can be recognized in the outside world, for example, table, banana, rest, eat, red. Such words are said to have lexical importance. Void words have practically zero inherent significance. They exist due to their linguistic capacity in the sentence. For instance, and is utilized to join things, or demonstrates elective, of here and there shows ownership. These words have syntactic importance. Linguistic importance alludes for the most part to the significance of syntactic things as did, which, ed. Syntactic significance may likewise cover thoughts, for example, ‘subject’ and ‘object’, sentence types as ’interrogative’, ‘imperative’ and so forth. Due to its intricacy, syntactic significance is very hard to examine. Up 'til now, no hypothesis of semantics has had the option to deal with it heavy. Yet, the investigation of lexical things is increasingly reasonable. What is Meaning? Thinkers have thought about this inquiry for more than 2000 years. Their deduction starts from the subject of the connection among words and the articles which words speak to. For instance, we may solicit: What is the significance of the word ‘cow’? One answer would be that it alludes to a creature who has certain properties, that recognize it from different creatures, who are called by different names. Where do these names originate from and for what reason does the word ‘cow’ mean just that specific creature and none other? A few masterminds state that there is no basic association between the word ‘cow’ and the creature showed by the word, however we have built up this association by show and along these lines it keeps on being so. Others would state that there are some basic traits of that creature which we see in our brains and our idea of that creature is made for which we make a comparing word. As per this thought, there is a basic correspondence between the hints of words and their implications, e. g. , the word ‘buzz’ recreates ‘the sound made by a bee’. It is straightforward this, yet not all that straightforward how ‘cow’ can mean’ a four-legged bovine’â€there is nothing in the sound of the word ‘cow’ to demonstrate that, (Children regularly concoct words that delineate the correspondence among sound and importance: they may call a dairy animals ‘moo-moo’ on the grounds that they hear it making that sort of sound. ) The above thought that words in a language relate to or represent the genuine articles on the planet is found in Plato’s exchange CratyIus. Notwithstanding, it applies just to certain words and not to other people, for instance, words that don't allude to objects, e. g. ‘love’, ‘hate’. This reality offers ascend to the view held by later masterminds, that the significance of a word isn't the item it alludes to, yet the idea of the article that exists in the brain. Besides, as de Saussure brought up, the connection between the word (signifier) and the idea (implied) is a self-assertive one, for example the word doesn't take after the idea. Likewise, when we attempt to characterize the importance of a word we do as such by utilizing different words. In this way, in the event that We attempt to clarify the significance of ‘table’ we have to utilize different words, for example, ‘four’, ‘legs’, and ‘wood’ and these words thusly can be clarified uniquely by methods for different words. In their book, The Meaning of Meaning, L. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards made an endeavor to characterize meaning. At the point when we utilize the word ‘mean’, we use it in various ways. ‘I intend to do this’ is a method of communicating our aim. ‘The red sign methods stop’

Tourism Case Study: Universal Studios

The travel industry Case Study: Universal Studios The fundamental goals of composing the report are to do a contextual analysis on how the general studio can draw in the nearby and vacationer into putting into the spot. The report would cover why widespread studio can do as such and their extraordinary highlights pulling in the both traveler and neighborhood into contributing it. How they are superior to their rivals (get away from amusement park) or how are they in a route substandard compared to their rival utilizing the swot investigation. How is there a raise in the travel industry in Singapore because of the general studio. Seeing how all inclusive studio is being built up and their significance in carrying income to Singapore market and aiding in the raise of the travel industry. The report would be founded on my direct perception in how the all inclusive studio functions and came to it accomplishment on my direct perception, making a visit to the widespread studio trip myself and feel in the point of view of the visitor and nearby for what reason is the spot worth proceeding to put resources into by going there. Moving toward my companions who had been there for their audits with respect to all inclusive studio and what is their opinion about the spot for a superior understanding other than my own predisposition see or doing an overview on how they individuals feel about general studio. Meeting my companion who is working there to have a more clear image of all inclusive studio and what they does their day by day schedules contains of keeping up the progression of the individuals consistently. What is a general studio? All inclusive studio is an amusement park worked to bring the travel industry up in Singapore. The amusement park is situated at Sentosa inside Resort World Sentosa. Genting bunch was the one offering to assemble a second incorporated hotel in Singapore. On 19 April 2007, the beginning of building the Resort World Sentosa ( RWS ) was initiate. Following hardly any long periods of development and the recreation center was then opened to open at 18 March 2010 as of late. The all inclusive studio realizes heaps of awesome attractions bringing 24 films themed rides and attractions encountering new rides and shows dependent on blockbuster hits. It is both locally and traveler tempting spot for Singapore to expand upon. History of Universal studio Genting bunch was the financial specialist that came to offer effectively after structure incorporated hotels in Singapore situated at Sentosa. Begin of building the RWS and general studio begins on 19 April 2007. The recreation center was at long last opened on 18 March 2010 upon three years of development. The recreation center was opened for sneak review during the Chinese New Year time frame to advance and let the individuals think about the spot and incredible spot to spend for the exceptional event. Sneak review week began on 14 to 21 February 2010 from 5pm to 9pm consistently. The recreation center was opened for touring purposes as none of the rides is operational which fills the needs of advancing and entice the individuals to perceive how incredible and superb the spot was to be spread around foreseeing the official open of all inclusive studio and contribute upon the spot. Guests need to pay 10 dollars just to goes in the visit the hotly anticipated all inclusive studio. Likewise, colleagues are permitted to carry their families to visit the recreation center before the general population are permitted to do as such. After the official opening, a portion of the attractions would be opening later at an alternate planning because of incomplete development and wellbeing of the individuals. The biggest crazy ride has been hailed because of the security and issues they experienced when the ride is opened. Accomplishments of all inclusive studio All inclusive studio has achieved a few attractions and rides which is accessible in different nations and taken it back to Singapore for local people. Nearby individuals can appreciate the fascination which can be found in different nations locally. Each ticket would cost around 62 dollars for weekdays and 72 dollars for end of the week for grown-up pass. With such an exorbitant ticket it will unquestionably bring more pay for Singapore. The spot comprises of 30 eateries comprehensive of food push trucks and 20 interesting retail locations found everywhere throughout the recreation center. 7 zones of film themed world and 22 attractions have been planned. In addition to the fact that they are ready to get to the Universal studio, they can wander into the sentosa island which additionally fills the need for vacation destination. It has brought the best film themed attractions stuffed inside the seven zones to life. Pulling in locally and visitor into the astonished spot pressed with dream for and the two kids and grown-ups where they have been wanting. It has realized amusement to individuals and going minutes to enduring recollections of individuals who visited there. There would be themed inns accessible to cook the necessities of individuals and their decision of inclination. It has effectively presented to Singapore an extraordinary amusement park which is the just one found in Singapore. Points of Universal Studio It has effectively presented to Singapore an exceptional amusement park drawing in loads of visitor and local people to visit it. Their focuses on showcase are to carry the travel industry and practical of Singapore to a more noteworthy statures. It is to keep up quality assistance and diversion to the individuals who visited it for enduring recollections. Trusting they would have returned to visit the spot again on their next excursion back to Singapore. What is so one of a kind about Universal studio? The one of a kind focuses about all inclusive studio is the 7 zones of film themed world which has brought motion pictures characters alive giving guests significant visit and excursion making to cash paid advantageous. The 7 zones of themed world comprise of The Lost World, Far Away, Madagascar, Ancient Egypt, Sci Fi City, Hollywood and New York. Every one of these spots are based upon the films themed and blockbuster hits. The spot developed depends on the films including characters appearances, shopping and feasting territories breathing life into the film. Right off the bat, The Lost World is partitioned into two zones Jurassic Park and Waterworld. Highlighting both two film blockbuster hits which are mainstream among the individuals. The Lost World causes individuals to become more acquainted with increasingly about dinosaurs and seeing the motion pictures waking up before their eyes. There are rides highlighting the point of view of dinosaurs and how it resembles to be encircled with dinosaurs. Rides which comprise of the winged animal eye perspective on the spot, and some exciting waterway pontoon ride guaranteeing us to splash wet at the of the ride. Waterworld is a water based attractions where we can get the opportunity to see stunts, astounding blast live in the water appear. Far Away land is a film themed place propelled by dreamwork movements chiefly highlighting Shrek and the rich fantasies life. Knowing the characters that living inside the fantasy dividers becoming animated. Shrek house was being construct and there is Shrek 4D highlighting a short and reasonable film where we can really feel the activity directly from the seat in their short fantasy experience. Junior exciting ride is accessible to for riding as well. Madagascar is additionally one of the dreamwork liveliness motivated subject zones where it includes the thick tropical loaded up with great characters of Madagascar in the films. There is where we can ride it to be want to encompass the Madagascar character and by and by resemble a kid. Lamentably not all the rides is opened there which will carry individuals to returns next time when it is opened so as not to miss any magnificent attractions there. Old Egypt is a spot highlighting old pyramids and paleologist site showing up in films like the mummy like it. Thrill ride is the most energizing rides in the general studio beside the tremendous exciting ride which isn't working till further notification. It permits us to feel the fire and really knowing a greater amount of antiquated pyramids. Science fiction City is a spot including the cutting edge spot of individuals where future spot would look like base on our high innovation these days. It is additionally where the two significant crazy rides arranged at. It is only essentially for touring purposes since the vast majority of the attractions are shut because of wellbeing issues. Hollywood is a themed place which includes the Hollywood road where dynamic design, palm trees and stroll of the distinction. It highlights shows like where all inclusive beasts in an awesome melodic exhibitions carry bliss to guests. It is likewise where a large portion of the shopping should be possible. Numerous famous Hollywood avenue. New York is where the walkways and great milestones are being included. There are veneer set of film scenes for ongoing film creations. Where there are attractions that gave us how the film is being delivered and how dull the genuine recording would bring a fabulous impact for the film screen. Subsequently, all the 7 zones and attractions made up of widespread studio make it remarkably exceptional and the main amusement park found in Singapore. Challenges confronted Because of the specialized issues, some may feel that the recreation center isn't up to desires. The significant rides are not operational till further notification may be transforming a few guests down into visiting the spot for the present. Not all attractions are opened which states just around the corner. In this manner, some should sit tight for a spell when everything is attempting to make the outing and cash advantageous rather, paying 5 dollars for twilight to go in for some touring. Besides, the ticket probably won't be accessible on the spot as there is restricted confirmation guests need to book ahead of time through web. Some might not have any desire to approach the object booking the ticket and stuffs. Techniques ( SWOT ) SWOT Analysis Qualities USS is situated in the City State of Singapore effectively open and at the intersection of significant air traffic stream that can guide a gigantic potential market to the Studio. It has a solid intrigue to guests and voyagers, as Universal Studio is as of now a notable Branding globally. The individual attractions, shows and rides inside USS are extremely world-class and offer unmatched fun and happiness to the guest USS is an importa

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois

All About the Helpful Academic Advisors at Illinois I absolutely love life here at Illinois and college in general. It is truly the first time you feel independent and on your own along with thousands of other students your age. Were truly all in this together. MakeAGIF.com But of course, we all need a little help along the way through our educational career and journey. Thankfully, Illinois has the best group of academic advisors in the world. Every student  when they come to Illinois will be assigned an academic adviser that they can use for whatever they need concerning their academic journey. They can suggest what classes to take, help out with any issues one would have, and be a friend! Most advisors have walk-in appointments available and have their own office hours, just like a faculty person would, such as a professor or a teacher assistant. I highly  suggest you see your academic advisor as much as you can during your time at Illinois. A huge goal and purpose of academic advisors is  to keep you on track and make sure you graduate on time! Besides your family and friends, they are the biggest cheerleaders you will have here at Illinois. If youre a College of Media student like myself (Advertising, Journalism, Media Cinema Studies, Agricultural Communications), you will have mandatory advising with your academic advisor once a semester. The best part about this is that you know you will always be on track to graduate on time because your advisor will talk about your academic progress every time you come into the office. I just recently met with my advisor, and he was extremely helpful in planning the rest of my semesters here until I graduate in May 2018! So future Illini, know that academic advisors are your biggest supporters, fans, and cheerleaders! We all want you to succeed here at Illinois. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Essay on Childhood Memories in Once More to the Lake by...

Once More to the Lake For many people there is a sweet scent, an inviting image, the familiar sound of laughter that bring them back to a place full of childhood images. In â€Å"Once More to the Lake†, author E.B. White longs to bring his audience back to one of the most memorable places in his childhood, a camp on a lake in Maine, starting in about 1904. He shows the reader how he feels he has replaced his own father and is playing the same role he played nearly forty years earlier. White directs his essay at an anonymous audience. Read by children, it is yet another â€Å"when I was your age† story, but to an adult or parent he is quite successful in provoking old forgotten memories. The author assumes his audience will, at least somewhat,†¦show more content†¦Whether on purpose or by accident, White has neglected to include copious examples of scents in his essay. White also tells of the wonderful tastes of Maine, the pop that burned as it backfired up his nose and the sweet doughnuts dipped in sugar. He describes for his audience the sounds of summer, the loud fuss over unpacking trunks, the familiar squeals of delight as his family arrived, the silence of the peaceful morning, the hum of boat motors. Noticeably, White has not touched much on his audience’s sense of touch. The dominant impression of White’s essay is undoubtedly one of sweet reminiscence. He is thrilled that things remain the same and says so a countless number of times. The reader will frequently come across the use of an anaphora, usually with words like same, forever, without end, unshatterable, fade-proof, infinitely. These words all give his audience a sense of perpetual life, eternal beauty, immortality. One will also see polysyndetons emphasizing the importance of each and every word he has chosen to include. White repeatedly uses the phrase, â€Å"jollity and peace and goodness†. This assists in supporting his dominant impression of fond, lasting memories. White continuously uses asyndeton in his essay, giving his audience the impression that no list he provides is ever quite complete. There will always be another sight, another smell, another sound, another taste that he has forgotten to include. In his essay, the author gives hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Once More To The Lake By Billy Collins1337 Words   |  6 Pagesin 10 or 20 years, since memories are bound to change and even slip away as time continues. The poem â€Å"Forgetfulness† by Billy Collins and the essay â€Å"Once More to the Lake† by E.B. White both use diction and devices in order to help present how memories change and get lost as time moves on. The poem â€Å"Forgetfulness† explains how memories will slip away as one ages, and the sadness of not knowing simple facts and skills anymore. The text â€Å"Once More to the Lake† by E.B. White explains the story of a fatherRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Once More To The Lake1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn the text â€Å"Once More to the Lake† author E.B. White focuses on appealing to fathers or even possibly parents in general. The text is eloquently written to ultimately reiterate that change is constant and at some point in life all people will eventually die. His primary goal of this text is to enjoy the moments in one’s life before life is over. A nostalgic tone is used throughout when comparing his childhood memories to the current memories he is making with his own son. White is effective in illustratingRead MoreDiction Of Memory In Billy Collinss Once More To The Lake850 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst time since the winter. These details are all specific memories that are related to these pieces of writing. â€Å"Once More to the Lake† by E.B White and Forgetfulness by Billy Collins are deep and meaningful texts. In the essay by E.B White, the main character is a father and goes to the lake with his son. During the trip, the main character feels like he is living a dual existence with his son and remembering memories from his childhood. On the other hand, in the poem Collins, writes about forgetfulnessRead MoreNo Place Like Home By Marni Gillard903 Words   |  4 Pagesfind a reflection of myself in EB Whites â€Å"Once More to The Lake.† A story that brilliantly creates a sense of nostalgia and a connection to a significant place. Therefore, through Whites story and my own personal experience I learned that a place is a powerful force in our lives due to the memories and the connection it creates with people. We all have that one place in our lives, that one place that makes us feel comfortable due to its familiarity and great memories. Mine is my grandparents houseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Once More On The Lake 1327 Words   |  6 PagesAnnie Dillard and E.B. White we can find some strange similarities. In their works â€Å"Once More to the Lake† by White, and â€Å"Aces and Eights† by Dillard, they seem to be writing about completely different things. White’s essay is about visiting his favorite lake from his childhood with his son. White’s essay is about visiting a summer cabin with a child she neither names nor claims any relation to. Yet, digging deeper beneath the surface, we find strong connections through their memories, their child companionsRead MoreSummary Of Once More To The Lake840 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† author E.B. White reflects on experiences he has had throughout his life at a family vacat ion spot. Although he writes the essay as an adult, he focuses on many childhood experiences with his father at the lake, comparing them to experiences he is having at same lake with his son. White begins by recalling his first time at the lake. He examines the similarities and differences between the two generations of lake experiences through rhetorical techniques inRead MoreOnce More Of The Lake2211 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Once More to the Lake† is a short essay written by E.B. White for his column in the New Yorker, One Man’s Meat. â€Å"Once More to the Lake† is a story about a father who is taking his son to his childhood vacation spot. On the trip, the father finds himself inside the memories of his past. Throughout the trip, the father finds differences in the lake from when he was a child. While much of E.B. White s essay is set in the present, the author explores his own mortality as he looks both to the pastRead MoreAmerican Literature Since T he Civil War1948 Words   |  8 Pagesthemes are put into writing, they have the power to unite communities and create a shared understanding of life as an American. E.B. White examines some of these themes of American culture, such as the American tradition of summer vacation, the commonly experienced mid-life crisis, anxiety about change, and fear of one’s own mortality. E.B. White’s â€Å"Once More to the Lake† is a memorable piece of American literature that continues to be relatable today because of its emphasis on growing old and facingRead MoreThe Effects Of Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthat imperialism destroyed both the native and the white man’s freedom. When Orwell is reluctant to shoot the elephant, he states â€Å"I perceive in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.† He appeals to the audience’s emotion by stating this, making it clear that he feels more pressured by the native Burmans in that moment than he ever did as the oppressor. Consequently, he feels as if the Burmans have more power over him than vice versa.   Ã‚  Likewise, Orwell’sRead MoreThe Inevitability Of Aging Is An Unstoppable Force917 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, memory infinitely creates concepts just as nature will grow unchecked if not tamed. Once More to the Lake written in 1941, E.B. White. His essay is easily readable, and his diction is simplistic. His descriptions and imagery include White s past and present memories. The narration is first person through the eyes and voice of the author. On the other hand, White s theme is more illusive. This retrospection allows the reader to slip behind the wall of time and memories to watch a son

Psycho Parlour Scene Analysis - 788 Words

Everyone has as a good and evil side to him or her. In this scene of Psycho it shows the both sides of Marion and Norman. Through the use of camera angles, film techniques, dialogue, and sound effects, the film portrays the main characters, as they are being trapped, unable to escape their state of mind, the guilt of their actions. These sides are shown mostly through the lighting. Certain conflicts and how the characters deal with them and each other are what shape the structure of the movie. These conflicts show the audience many sides of good and evil portrayed by the different characters in particular Marion and Norman. Lighting is used expressively in the film. When Marion goes to the Bates motel the lighting is more subdued.†¦show more content†¦As he did with the lighting, Hitchcock shapes the scene in terms of contrasts. We see Marion sitting comfortably in her chair, leaning slightly forward, and enjoying a sandwich Norman has made for her. Hitchcock places the camera near eye level so the audience sees Marion as two people might see each other while sitting and talking. There is nothing unusual in this. In fact, this particular angle provides the audience with a sense of normalcy and comfort in Marions presence.Show MoreRelatedPsycho And A Game Of Thrones1608 Words   |  7 PagesPsycho and A Game of Thrones are both texts that cause the audience to reflect on today’s society’s ethical view. Compare how do both authors portray this idea throughout each text? Alfred Hitchcock in the film Psycho and George R. R. Martin in the novel A Game of Thrones both use different techniques and methods to portray their ideas and values, reflecting on ethical views of today society. Both the authors have controversially impacted today’s society with their work and have embed these differentRead MoreAnalysis of Psycho Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Psycho Psycho, originally released in 1957 as a novel written by Robert Bloch, is now better known as a film by the true master of suspense, Alfred Hitchcock. The version was first viewed by the audience on a big screen in 1960. Taking on the role of the editor and director, he created a film that merely survived the censorship laws. In the course of making the film he broke all film conventions at the time by displaying its leading female having lunch inRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization

Diversity in the American Classrooms Free Essays

The classrooms of the schools in the United States of America, especially for the public ones, may be considered as a box of MM’s or Skittles, where each student is of different ethnic background and comes from a culture different from the rest. The flooding and diversity of cultures in the classrooms may be due to the fact that the American System of Education seeks to educate the most number of people and to provide Western thoughts and theories. In addition to this, the American System of Education has proven its economic value by giving its graduates the edge among the rest. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity in the American Classrooms or any similar topic only for you Order Now The excellence exuded by the universities and schools and America can be seen by their continuous grip on the top 10 rankings among the universities of the world. Out of the 10 top universities of the world, six are from the United States. These universities are Harvard University (1), Yale University (2), Princeton University (6), University of Chicago (7), California Institute of Technology (7), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (10) (â€Å"Top 400 Universities†). As said earlier, the economic value placed for the graduates of these universities is higher than the others and this would be a very strong advantage for the American System of Education. The fact that the best education could be found in the US paves the way for a higher quality in terms of human capital. The labor market of the American country is consequently filled with professionals coupled with the decent opportunities created by the economy. Thus, it can be said that the good education and sterling quality for the tertiary education can be a antecedent factor for a good pool of professionals for the firms. This becomes a factor in reducing the poverty rate for the country. The high demand for the American Education puts much pressure to pursue excellence. America is considered as the land of milk and honey by a lot of people (Soriano). In relation to this, the American dream matches the belief that America is the land of milk and honey. The American dream is the pursuit of material prosperity and where life is better and richer according to one’s ability (â€Å"What is the American Dream? †). This has led to the influx of migration to the US by families and the subsequent rise for cultural diversity. This cultural diversity provides a huge benefit for several reasons. First, the classroom diversity enhances the classroom experience for both the students and the teachers. Aside from the day-to-day topics that the teacher or professor discusses and the facts presented by the textbook, the diversity in the classroom serves the purpose of learning through experience. One could learn from the various beliefs, traditions, principles, customs, and languages that the other cultures have (Vortemizzi). In a way, it gives the students learn â€Å"extra things† without the stringent requirements of the educational setting. Their daily interaction with the other cultures and the high frequency of such would create a higher level of exposure for both cultures. Likewise, the teachers also learn to manage the differences in each classroom and learns how to deal with a diverse group of students to become fully aware of an international setting. Second, the diversity of the classrooms in the American Educational System prepares the students for the international arena. When one achieves to excel and think global, interaction and communication with other cultures is inevitable. The primary problem that is often encountered in international communication is with regard to how messages are perceived by the receiver and is sometimes different from what the sender means. According to Habeck et al. , â€Å"although the words are often the same, the meaning and unspoken assumptions can be very different, leading to misunderstanding and confusion† (86). However, with the exposure that the American classrooms bring to the students of different culture, the problem would be minimized especially if the atmosphere inside the school is accommodating to the various cultures. Likewise, the teachers and the school administrators would be able to prepare for a varied setting and to be able to compete with the dynamic ways of the education sector. This would mean that there would be more chances that the enrollment rate would be higher since leeway is given for the acceptance of other cultures. The recognition of teachers and administrators of the different cultures provides for â€Å"a comfortable learning situation in which to realize their educational goals and accomplishments† (Connors). Third, this kind of setting teaches the students to become aware of how flexibility, tolerance, respect, and acceptance is important for everyone. This is especially true for the case of young children in the pre-school where they are given the opportunities to be able to understand a different color than they have. This makes them prepared for further challenges and also equips them with the value of acceptance and understanding. With this, the friction is reduced especially when one would enter the workplace. The workplace is considered to be a rather dynamic setting where an international labor market is starting to emerge and the need to deal with different cultures is increasing. There is also the claim that with the acceptance and respect for the different cultures, social stability could be preserved and crime and poverty will be prevented (â€Å"Public Education in the United States†). Likewise, my personal experience with regard to interacting with different cultures and becoming aware that my culture is not the lone culture existing today has provided me with the chance to freely accept the whereabouts of a culturally diverse surrounding. This has also kept me more sensitive and aware of the other cultures and has helped me in the dealings and interactions I made with other people. For instance, my English class includes cultures of Asians, Middle East, Europeans, and Hispanic. I am able to adapt to this kind of setting for I am able to interact with them daily and understand their ways. With the foregoing discussion, it can be said that one benefit of the American system of education is its capability to accept various cultures and this provides benefits for both the students, the teachers, and the system itself. Works Cited Connors, Jeanne. â€Å"Cultural Diversity in the Classroom: Reaching out to Native American Students. † Setting the Stage: Opening with Influence. Aug. 1996. Habeck, Max, et al. After the Merger: Seven Rules for Successful Post-merger Integration. Great Britain: Prentice Hall, 2000. â€Å"Public Education in the United States. † Microsoft ® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Soriano, Jaime N. The Land of Milk and Honey? 5 June 2005. Manila Times. 23 March 2008 [http://www. manilatimes. net/national/2005/jun/05/yehey/career/20050605car6. html]. â€Å"Top 400 Universities. † Quacquarelli Symonds. 23 March 2008 [http://www. topuniversities. com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2007/overall_rankings/top_400_universities/]. Vortemizzi, Julius. Diversity in American Schools. 22 March 2007. Stanza Ltd. 23 March 2008 [http://www. quazen. com/News/Opinions/Diversity-in-American-Schools. 19095]. â€Å"What is the American Dream? † 19 December 2002. The Library of Congress. 23 March 2008 [http://lcweb2. loc. gov/learn/lessons/97/dream/thedream. html]. How to cite Diversity in the American Classrooms, Papers

Segration an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Segration In the year 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States delivered a milestone decision in the case of Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, wherein it declared that creation of separate schools on the basis of the race of students was contrary to the provisions of the constitution. During that time, the District of Columbia and several other southern states had made it mandatory for all public schools to be racially segregated. Kansas and some of the northern and western states gave discretionary powers to inpidual schools to decide on the issue of segregation. Thus a majority of schools were desegregated in 1954, while the schools in Topeka remained unsegregated (Finkelman, 2005). Need essay sample on "Segration" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The 14th Amendment to the Constitution assures that every person should be provided with equal protection irrespective of race. The Supreme Court in the Brown II case of 1955 placed the responsibility of implementing desegregation on the federal district courts located in the South. The plaintiff Linda Brown was not permitted to join an integrated school until she had reached college education. In fact, the children of twenty plaintiffs in the Clarendon County case never went to integrated schools. This situation actuated Brown to invoke the civil rights movement and file cases in the courts against the education authorities. This ultimately resulted in eradication of all sorts of statutory racial discrimination (Finkelman, 2005). The ruling of the Supreme Court in the Brown case had become a turning point in legal policies that were formed in the case of Plessy v Ferguson wherein it was held that educational practices though separate should be equal. The 14th Amendment had construed that equality as per the law would be achieved through segregated facilities. Legislation to that effect was enacted in the South which instituted separate facilities for Blacks and Whites in every aspect of the society (Finkelman, 2005). In 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States adopted measures concerning legalized desegregation in public schools in the case of Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education. In that case the school boards stratagem of implementing desegregation had been found inadequate; in this regard the district court directed the authorities to implement the desegregation strategy designed by it. The Supreme Court upheld the district courts order without dissenting. The legitimatized facilities in a forced desegregation of offender school system include transport by bus, racial quotas and reorganization of school districts. The Supreme Court approved of the various bus transport programs, which accelerate racial integration of public schools (Jones-Wilson, 1996, p72-73). The strategy of busing was accepted in the United States which was considered to be a key factor in the integration process in the US public schools. Subsequently, court ordered busing programs faced much criticism equally from the whites and the African Americans. The latter claimed that these programs unnecessarily made their children to continue on in spite of the difficulty involved in the long bus rides to school. In most major cities court ordered busing prevailed until the 1990s (Jones-Wilson, 1996, p72-73). During the process of desegregation most of the black teachers faced unemployment. There were nearly 82,000 black teachers in the year 1954 teaching two million black children. Subsequent to the case of Brown, around 41,600 black teachers and administrators in 17 Southern schools lost their jobs. More than 50% of black administrators were either dismissed or demoted. The ousting of staff en masse was possible because many black schools were closed down during desegregation. The black educators had been removed from service even though their educational qualifications were much higher than that of their white counterparts (Byrne & Anderson, 2004, p89-91). According to the National Education Association, more than 85% of black teachers had college degrees in comparison to 75% of white teachers. Thus the black children were deprived of expert and better qualified black teachers. Prior to Brown, white administrators had permitted black administrators to operate the black portion of the school system. This practice enabled black educators to inculcate quality education to black students. In the pre Brown period every student was given equal opportunity to improve their skills. The practice of segregation provided a sort of protection to black students from discrimination and racist ideologies, which they experienced in the desegregated era in the post Brown integrated schools (Byrne & Anderson, 2004, p89-91). References Byrne, D. N., & Anderson, J. (2004, p89-91). The Unfinsihed Agenda of Brown v Board of Education. perse: Issues in Higher E. Finkelman, P. (2005). Brown v Board of Education of Topeka. Redmond: WA: Micosoft Encarta 2006 (DVD). Jones-Wilson, F. C. (1996, p72-73). Encyclopedia of African-American Education. Greenwood Press.

Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO

Does anybody know what a kimono is or has anybody heard the word kimono? A kimono is the Japanese traditional outfit, and it’s made out of silk. It is only worn on special occasions. Actually, the opportunities to wear a kimono are seldom. We have another kind of outfit that is called, a yukata. A yukata is made from cotton. In contrast to the ceremonial kimono, the yukata is ordinary, unassuming clothing and is worn in the summertime. Through research and my personal experience today, I will inform you about two Japanese traditional outfits, the kimono and the yukata. The kimono is made from silk and there are many different types of kimonos for men, women and children. It is not only worn by women, but also men. The cut, color, fabric, and decorations of a kimono may vary according to sex and age. However, the woman’s kimono is mainly introduced in this discussion. Women’s kimonos are the most elaborate and varied in style and design. In order to wear a kimono, one must have an obi, which wraps around a kimono, Japanese socks and Japanese sandals. These items are very important. An example of an occasion for wearing a kimono is the coming-of age day. This is a national holiday to celebrate a Japanese girls and boys life as they turn 20 years old and enter adulthood. At this time, most girls are dressed in kimonos. I brought a picture of me for my Coming-of-age day. When I went back to Japan for summer vacation, I rented a kimono and took a picture. The cost to rent the outfit and take pictures was about four hundred dollars. Actually, the price to buy a kimono varies from five thousand dollars, which is the cheapest to fifteen thousand dollars, which is the most expensive. Consequently, most Japanese people tend to rent kimonos rather than buying one. I’m not used to wearing a kimono so, it was tiresome to keep wearing it, even for 30 minutes. According to my experience, I can tell you that a ki... Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO Does anybody know what a kimono is or has anybody heard the word kimono? A kimono is the Japanese traditional outfit, and it’s made out of silk. It is only worn on special occasions. Actually, the opportunities to wear a kimono are seldom. We have another kind of outfit that is called, a yukata. A yukata is made from cotton. In contrast to the ceremonial kimono, the yukata is ordinary, unassuming clothing and is worn in the summertime. Through research and my personal experience today, I will inform you about two Japanese traditional outfits, the kimono and the yukata. The kimono is made from silk and there are many different types of kimonos for men, women and children. It is not only worn by women, but also men. The cut, color, fabric, and decorations of a kimono may vary according to sex and age. However, the woman’s kimono is mainly introduced in this discussion. Women’s kimonos are the most elaborate and varied in style and design. In order to wear a kimono, one must have an obi, which wraps around a kimono, Japanese socks and Japanese sandals. These items are very important. An example of an occasion for wearing a kimono is the coming-of age day. This is a national holiday to celebrate a Japanese girls and boys life as they turn 20 years old and enter adulthood. At this time, most girls are dressed in kimonos. I brought a picture of me for my Coming-of-age day. When I went back to Japan for summer vacation, I rented a kimono and took a picture. The cost to rent the outfit and take pictures was about four hundred dollars. Actually, the price to buy a kimono varies from five thousand dollars, which is the cheapest to fifteen thousand dollars, which is the most expensive. Consequently, most Japanese people tend to rent kimonos rather than buying one. I’m not used to wearing a kimono so, it was tiresome to keep wearing it, even for 30 minutes. According to my experience, I can tell you that a ki...

Alvarado Name Meaning & Origin

Alvarado Name Meaning & Origin Alvarado is a geographical or habitational name originating from one of several places called Alvarado, meaning whitened place; many from Alvarado in Badajoz Province, Spain. Alvarado means dweller near a white hill or on dry land. Alvarado is the 56th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings DE ALVARADO, ALBARADO, DE ALBARADO Famous People with the Surname Alvarado Pedro de Alvarado - legendary Spanish conquistador of the MayaTrinidad Trini Alvarado - American actress.Juan Velasco Alvarado – former ruler of Peru, from 1968–1975. Where Do People with the Alvarado Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Alvarado surname live in Argentina, followed by larger concentrations in Spain and the United States, plus small populations in Switzerland and Canada. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Alvarado 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? The Alvarado DNA ProjectThis ancestral y-DNA testing project is open to any male with any spelling of the Alvardo surname. Ancestry.com - Alvarado Genealogy Records (free trial or subscription required)Thousands of records for individuals with the Alvarado surname can be found on the subscription website Ancestry.com, including births, marriages, census, immigration and military records. ALVARADO Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Alvarado surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Alvarado query. FamilySearch - ALVARADO GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Alvarado surname and its variations. ALVARADO Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Alvarado surname. Cousin Connect - ALVARADO Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Alvarado, and sign up for free notification when new Alvarado queries are added. DistantCousin.com - ALVARADO Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Alvarado. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Instructional Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Instructional Technology - Essay Example The students will understand the context of the ordering process and will know how to fill in the foods they want with visual aids on the menu or with the aid of a visual dictionary. Some study and the memorization of the conversation patterns in the context of the restaurant will be done during the lesson, but the students can use their notes. They will be able to employ two means of ordering: by using the standard name of the food as found in their resources or remembered or by simply describing the food to the server. Using the menu, they will order the main course, soup or salad accompaniment, a beverage and dessert. 1. The students will be able to verbally order soup or salad from the restaurant menu in English in an interactive simulation. The students will be able to specify salad dressing and crackers. Pictures of the choices with accompanying identifying words will be available, just as if they were reading a menu. 2. The students will be able to verbally order the main course from the restaurant menu in English in an interactive simulation. The students will be able to specify how it is to be cooked. Pictures of the choices with accompanying identifying words will be available, just as if they were reading a menu. 3. 2. The students will be able to verbally order the main course from the restaurant menu in English in an interactive simulation. The students will be able to specify how it is to be cooked. Pictures of the choices with accompanying identifying words will be available, just as if they were reading a menu. 3. The students will be able to verbally order a beverage from the restaur

Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Cause and Effect - Essay Example However, there is also an underlying anxiety about entering a new and unfamiliar world full of new challenges; and a hint of doubt about one’s ability to manage so many new challenges. Suddenly being pitched from the comfort of familiarity into a bewildering world inhabited by people from different cultures and communities – a world full of innumerable choices and temptations could be daunting. Another factor to be considered is that parents too are proud of the achievements of their youngster and getting ready to give him/her more freedom albeit with a touch of anxiety. Under these circumstances, living with parents during one’s college years can have many benefits both for the parents as well as the student. A student on the threshold of college life looks forward to an exciting new phase of independence and new and varied experiences. However, transition from high school to college could be tough; considering that one suddenly is looked upon as a responsible adult. However the freedom one has from strict parental control can be very welcome. Yet, freedom brings with it the weight of responsibility too when one has to take the consequences of one’s actions. Juggling finances and striking the right balance between academics and the hectic social and co-curricular activities, and yet making time to focus on studies in order to get good grades, cannot be easy. The sudden exposure to new people, who may be from varied cultures and backgrounds, new ways of learning when one cannot depend on notes given by teachers, and a different social and cultural life, can be overwhelming. Choosing new friends with common interests and adding others who can aid in your personal development are exciting and fun but can drain one physically and emotionally. Hence having the familiarity of family to comeback to everyday can be a huge relief. One can get gradually acclimatized to new responsibilities and a new social and academic culture while still

Franchising Strategy of McDonalds

Franchising Strategy of McDonalds Globalization refers to the system of interaction among the countries of the world. It has become a significant trend in todays world economies as there is a tendency for many large corporations and business to trade internationally and compete with each other on a global scale. There are many strategies that companies can use in order to expand their business and penetrate into global markets. These strategies include; licensing, exporting, franchising, contract manufacturing, international joint venture and foreign direct investment. We decided however to focus our report on the franchising strategy, and supported it with the case study of McDonalds. FRANCHISING is a contractual agreement whereby someone with a good idea for a business (franchisor) sells the rights to use the business name and sell a product or service (franchise) to others (franchisees) in a given territory in a specified manner. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2010, p.132) Franchising has become a very popular strategy that many companies have adopted lately; they have a vast number of global outlets operated by foreign franchisees. This is a list of the worlds most famous franchisors around the world as ranked in the Top 10 Franchisors for 2010; Subway McDonalds 7-Eleven Inc. Hampton Hotels Supercuts H R Block Dunkin Donuts Jani-King Servpro Ampm The table below shows the brief advantages and disadvantages of franchising; Advantages Disadvantages -Personal ownership -Management and marketing assistance -National recognized name -Financial advice and assistance -Lower failure rate -Large start up cost -Shared profit -Management regulation -Restrictions on selling -Fraudulent franchisor McDonalds McDonalds is one of the most successful fast-food restaurants around the world today with a very established and valuable trademark; it is an example of a brand franchise. McDonalds is often considered the gold standard of franchising. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2010, p.132).The main drive behind this success and rapid expansion was the franchising strategy, which helped them easily penetrate new markets and enlarge their target markets. Around 70 percent of the current McDonalds restaurants are run as independent franchisees. The first franchised outlet was opened in the UK in 1986; however there are now over 31,000 McDonalds restaurants in over 119 countries. Ray KrocThe initial idea of the fast-food restaurant was started by the McDonalds brothers; Dick and Mac. They opened their first restaurant in 1940 in California, but as a start they did not know that this restaurant will grow tremendously, and have such a large market share. They were extremely modest until they discovered a formula that sells an absolutely high quality product with low affordable prices attached, and quickly. However a significant role was played by Ray Kroc, an experienced business man with a talent for marketing. When he became involved in the business he realized that this formula could be very profitable and can be sold on a national basis all over the US. Therefore the main success of McDonalds is attributed to Ray Kroc because he had a vision to take McDonalds global and help achieve the highest levels success. Procedures of starting a McDonalds Franchise The steps taken in order to gain approval and start your own McDonalds restaurant are rather lengthy and costly. In order to be considered for a franchise and granted permission to use the McDonalds brand name; a minimum of $300,000 is needed strictly from the owners personal savings and resources (i.e. not from borrowed resources such as loan or mortgages). Furthermore under the requirements of a obtaining a McDonalds franchise, McDonalds has to own or lease the restaurant premises that the franchisee will operate in. The franchisee will then have to purchase the fittings, the equipment and the right to operate the franchise for twenty years. To guarantee a consistent and uniform trademark internationally all franchisees must use standardized McDonalds branding, menus, design layouts and administration systems. (Franchising and Entrepreneurship, n.d.) The franchisee managers should have certain specifications and qualities that meet McDonalds standards. These may consist of the ability to take care of the business financing, possessing good management skills in order to motivate train the employees, be willing to peruse a comprehensive training course and finally dedicate all their time to operating the restaurant and take care of the day-to-day activities of the business. (How Much Does a McDonalds Franchise Cost, n.d.) The procedures of starting a McDonalds franchisee mentioned above, elaborate how franchising systems in general operate in world markets. It shows how careful franchisors are in selecting and recruiting the best franchisees worldwide, in order to ensure that their goodwill and business trademark are not misused by fraudulent franchisees. It also gives us a brief summary of the requirements needed by a franchisor in order to grant an individual the right to use its business idea and sell its products. Advantages of franchising As mentioned above, the main drive behind the success and rapid expansion of McDonalds is franchising, we will discuss the benefits of franchising in detail and show how they were applicable to McDonalds. Franchising has enabled McDonalds to experience significantly faster expansion and growth, helping it to achieve a truly global brand identity and a well known trademark. For example McDonalds now operates in more than 119 countries world-wide, serving millions of consumers daily, the existence of the franchisee outlets globally have helped McDonalds gain popularity and customer loyalty. McDonalds is able to gain more income and revenues from the monthly fees (5% service fee) and rent paid by its franchisees worldwide, this means they can generate more finance which can later be used to develop and expand the business. Therefore franchising gives the opportunity to franchisors to raise sufficient capital. Franchising gives a chance to the franchisor to leverage the brand. By acquiring new franchise outlets, McDonalds was able to get in touch with a wider target market and reach more consumers globally, this in the long-run helped it achieve and maintain a high market share in the fast-food industry and it also enhanced the companys corporate image and prestige. (Becoming a Franchisor, 2003) When the franchisor sells the right to use its brand name to the franchisee, it is not required to intervene in the day-to-day activities of the business. When new franchise outlets commence, McDonalds is obliged to supply them with the equipment needed, raw materials and comprehensive training to the employees. However after these events have taken place, McDonalds is not responsible for the day-to-day running and management of the business. Therefore this eliminates the responsibility for direct supervision and gives the franchisor more time to concentrate on the strategic functions of the business, such as looking for new potential markets, building strong marketing plans and advertisement campaigns and so on. Franchisors are able to benefit from economies of scale, because as their total production levels increase, the average costs tend to decrease. These economies of scale may include marketing economies of scale; McDonalds for example will be able to have more money to spend on its advertising campaigns if its number of restaurants is higher, and it will also save the company the redundant costs of having separate national campaigns, therefore this helps reduce on the business expenses and hence register higher profits.. By having many franchise outlets worldwide, McDonalds achieves diversification and spreads its risks worldwide. This means that a failure in any one of its restaurant will not be very disastrous to the company, because there are many other successful and profitable restaurants that can help offset or compensate for this loss. Therefore, franchising helps minimize the rate of failure and helps keep businesses stronger. Disadvantages of franchising Previously we have stated the advantages of franchising in terms of McDonalds, however franchising has some disadvantages as well such as: Large start-up costs: The cost of franchise can vary from one business to the other. The more popular the business is the more fees the franchisee has to pay to the franchisor in order to have the right to use the businesss specific name and sell its products. That is because businesses which possess well-known trademarks reduces the risks that a franchisee takes, in other words it reduces the businesss possibility of failing, thus, its more expensive. A Franchisor such as McDonalds will require a very high start-up fee from the Franchisee simply because McDonalds is an extremely well-known restaurant. In order to be able to open a McDonalds franchise, a franchisee needs to have around $506,000 to $1,600,000 of non-borrowed cash personal money. The start-up cost depends on the location on the store. Shard Profits: In return of franchise the franchisor (McDonalds) gets the start-up cost in addition, to the annual franchise fee, which is a fee that is paid for training and preparations, price of equipment, money for working capital like fried potatoes machines etc., the original franchise fee is typically $45,000. Besides, the franchisee is also expected to monthly pay service fee which is 4.0% and rent fees to McDonalds, based on the sales performance. Plus the extra money they have to send on royalties on the income, it range between 2 to 10 % of the franchisors profits. Royalties are charged on the profits a business makes before taxes and other expenses such as wages. Therefore the higher the profits, the higher the royalty. The royalty fee for McDonalds is ingoing 12.5%. Therefore, a franchisee has to share a large amount of his/her profit with the franchisor (McDonalds). Restrictions on selling: Some franchisees face restrictions on re-selling their business. The franchisor has to first choose the new owner and assure that they meet the standards required for this business, with the intention of controlling the quality of their franchisee. MacDonalds for example requires a franchisee that has a business plan, good management skills, training, and mostly significant business experience. From 10,000 franchisees only 1000 are accepted and only 200 are chosen from the 1000 to operate. Coattail effects: Franchisors usually keep in mind that the actions taken by the franchisees can affect their profits and future development. Franchisees must also beware of their competitions from other franchisees. For instance, McDonalds has to look out from other fast food restaurants such as KFC, Burger kings, even other McDonalds franchisees. MacDonalds franchisees criticized that as a result of McDonalds cooperation persistent growth principles, some of the new stores have been taken away business at existing locations, limiting franchisees profits per outlet. Management Regulations: Management regulations such as the fund restrictions in MacDonalds, which states that when a franchisee has funds, he/she can, increase these funds through business loans from banks or small business administrations. However, the franchisee can only finance the cost for seven years or less. This might make the franchisee feel that he/she is not their own boss anymore and that they do not own their own business management regulations often make the franchisees feel pressured and burdened by the franchisor. Adapting to different cultures One of the limitations of expanding your business globally is adapting to the different cultures around the world, this is a problem many companies fail as they decide to operate in foreign countries. Living in a multi-cultured society, firms should learn how to adapt their strategies and products to suit and satisfy the needs of the local population. McDonalds has been one of the most effective companies in flexibly adapting to different cultures and societies. It has been very successful in identifying the local consumers tastes and preferences and then altering their menus and dishes to satisfy these preferences. As an article states, In the markets in which it operates, McDonalds listens to customers and adapts to their culture and preferences (Sun never sets on Mickey Ds, 2010). India:-In order to adapt to the Indian society, McDonalds had to offer vegetarian food and had to ensure that the all the food provided contained no beef ingredients in them. This is because the Hinduism religion prohibits eating meat products mostly beef; therefore they introduced new menu items like the McVeggie and McAloo Tikkie. Israel: In Israel, all meat served is 100 percent kosher beef (Sun never sets on Mickey Ds, 2010) which means that the food is pure clean with no organic materials added. Israelis demand more healthy food with no chemical preservatives therefore McDonalds uses Canola oil which has no trans-fats to prepare the meals. Middle East: In order to adapt to the Islamic religion of the Arab countries, McDonalds introduced Halal Meat in its menus which encouraged Muslims to eat more frequently from McDonalds and this increased the companys sales. They also introduced a menu called Mc-Arabia Lawsuits McDonalds has faced a number of lawsuits over the previous years in many different countries. This can be looked one of the short-comings of franchising, because as many independent owners use the companys brand name and trademark they may damage the reputation of McDonalds and destroy its corporate image. The following are examples of lawsuits encountered by McDonalds; A lawsuit was filed by a former franchise manager in Brazil accusing McDonalds for making him gain 65 pounds during the period of his twelve years of employment at the corporation. He claimed that he was forced to sample the food everyday in order to make sure it is of standard quality. The Brazilian court ruled in favour of the manager and held McDonalds Corporation liable for the managers obesity ordered it to pay $17,500 as a compensation fee. (Benson, 2010) A Vegetarian Resource Group also filed a law suit against McDonalds, accusing it of purposefully using an animal ingredient in its French fries. They blamed the fast-food restaurant for not notifying vegetarians that the French fries and hash browns had beef in them. A $10 million settlement was agreed later agreed upon on April 2002. (Akers, n.d.) Tony Cosgrove, the director of the Cleveland Clinic also got into a conflict with the McDonalds restaurants, claiming that fast food restaurants such as McDonalds that offer junk food should not be allowed to operate in medical institutions. This is because it is rather absurd to offer foods that are inconsistent with the health and dietary advice, doctors give their patients and this puts the patients health at stake. (Adams, 2005) Word count: 2,381 Original Case study http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/sme/en/wipo_smes_del_08/wipo_smes_del_08_www_116736.pdf

How successful was the Nazi’ Economic Policy between 1933 and 1939

In 1932, 5. 6 million people were unemployed. Hitler aimed to massively decrease unemployment in Germany and this was one of the most attractive aims, from the voters' point of view, on the economic policy. High employment would mean a boost in the economy. He also aimed to remove Jews from the economy, thus creating jobs for Aryans as well as excluding the ‘aliens'. After World War 1, the Treaty of Versailles demanded that Germany pay reparations of 6600 million to the victorious nations. This was an enormous figure and because the treaty also removed Germany's most productive industrial areas from her, such as the Ruhr, she struggled to pay them. This was one element that caused Germany's economy to collapse; because she was unable to gain sufficiently from industry. Hitler therefore aimed to end the reparation payments, thus giving Germany a greater chance of recovering a successful economy because she would have more funds available to develop industry. The level of industrial production in Germany was very low compared to the glorious days of the Kaiser. Hitler planned to increase it in order to give Germany a chance in boosting her economy. If Germany could boost her levels of industry; she would gain more money and, therefore, have more money available to further develop industry, thus creating an exponential rise in production. Hitler believed that the Jews were responsible for the downfall of the great nation of Germany. He blamed them for the loss of World War 1 and believed they were taking part in a conspiracy to completely destroy the country. Therefore, he aimed to remove Jews from the economy to maintain a secure Germany. Jews also dominated many successful businesses and Hitler disliked this because it disagreed with his ideas about Aryans being the master race. Therefore, he aimed to remove them to give Aryans job opportunities and exclude Jews from Germany. The Treaty of Versailles had limited Germany's armies and called for disarmament. This meant Germany had no means of protecting herself and was powerless and weak in the eyes of other nations. Hitler was a great believer in the use of weapons and the need for powerful armies. Therefore, he aimed to devote time and money to develop the army once again and make a visual impression of a more powerful Germany. Hitler's eventual aim was to make Germany a self-sufficient Country. This meant that he wanted Germany to be completely independent and manufacture everything she needed within her borders, not relying on foreign imports for any material at all. This was a very high aim indeed because she had lost her colonies as a result of the Treaty of Versailles and had limited access to many vital raw materials unless she imported them. The Nazi's ambitious yet promising Economic Policy was very appealing to the desperate German citizens at the time and perhaps it was one of the main reasons people voted Nazi; they simply wanted to see their country and themselves thrive. However, I must now look at the degree of success and whether the citizens got what they were promised. During the Weimar Republic Streseman managed to join Germany to the League of Nations. He then began to reverse reparation payments implemented by the Treaty of Versailles in order to relieve some of the stress the nation was burdened with. Before Hitler came to power in 1933, Heinrich Bruning, former chancellor, had already managed to cancel out the remaining reparations through negotiation. Therefore, when Hitler was made chancellor, the aim of ending reparations had already been achieved; therefore, he could not take credit for this. However, he benefited from this because Germany was no longer under the influence of the Allies. The German citizens associated Hitler with independence and hope because The Treaty of Versailles was no longer such a prominent reminder of the disasters of World War 1. They believed Hitler could make Germany powerful once again. Hitler tackled unemployment by creating vast numbers of jobs. He set up programs to build many autobahns (motorways) across Germany. The workers were forced to build the roads manually, using old technology, in a similar style to that of the Romans, so that the job would take much longer and insure they remained employed for a greater time period. In just one year since Hitler became chancellor (1934), one million people were employed building these roads. The building of high rise flats also created further job vacancies. The remaining unemployed citizens were sent to the SA, SS, other Nazi organisations, Gestapo, Army, Navy or shipbuilding. This helped to reduce unemployment to just one million by 1936, and to negligible levels by 1938. Aryanisation of the economy was also achieved in 1938, when all Jews were removed from the economy and this helped additionally to increase Aryan employment. Hitler was very successful in reducing unemployment. The whole of Germany being employed meant that the economy could grow because people had money to spend on luxury items. This in turn meant that industrial production could be boosted and the economy improved. Hitler also created his own added advantages to high levels of employment because of the fields in which he created jobs. He managed to build roads which would be useful for transporting armies, and also increase the size of Nazi organisations, secret services, and the army. Many of the unemployed people would have been the working class and by giving them jobs in the Nazi party they would have been forced to work for Hitler and, therefore, give him support; thus making the Nazis even more powerful. I was unemployed for many years. I'd have made a pact with the devil to get work. Hitler came along and got me work so I followed him. ‘ A German worker. Employment greatly reduced the risk of an attempted revolution because people were happy when they had jobs and money. In 1930, the size of the German army was 100,000 compared to the pre-Word War 1 figure of 2,200,000. The Treaty of Versailles had put limits on the German army in order to prevent them from becoming powerful again, but by 1933 Hitler was sufficiently confident the League of Nations had little influence and would not intervene. He increased the army to 800,050 in 1933 and allowed four billion Reichmarks for expenditure. In 1938, 26 billion reichmarks were allowed. Half of the over all budget was spent on the air force or Luftwaffe and this paid off well in the bombing campaigns of World War 2. When the army was finally used for the war, it was sufficiently developed to last for six years without lacking efficiency. Therefore, Hitler was successful in rearming Germany because his military campaigns had some success. In rearming Germany he was also successful in emitting a powerful image to other nations and restoring the German' citizens confidence. When the people were aware of the large strong armies, they became proud and gave Hitler more support because he had made Germany powerful once more. Developing the army also made sure he was prepared for military campaigns in expanding Germany's influence. After unemployment decreased, industrial production increased and the economy thrived. The demand for millions of Heil Hitler uniforms meant a boom in the textiles industry as factories strived to produce enough. The building of new houses and flats meant a demand for household goods and people buying these items with their wages put money into the economy. The rearmament of the army also meant that the demand for weapons and equipment set the steel mills, coal- mines and factories back into production (also increasing long term employment). This boosted industrial production and, therefore, boosted the economy. Gross National Production increased by 68% between 1933 and 1938; this was more than a doubling. ‘Recovery did occur at a faster rate until at a higher level than almost anywhere in Europe' Richard Overy. Therefore, Hitler was successful in increasing industrial activity in Germany. This meant confidence in the Nazi party grew because citizens were aware of the economic boom. Germany began to thrive and become rich from industry and this meant Hitler could spend more money on developing the armies and making his country powerful. Between 1933 and 1936, Jews remained in the economy. This was because Jewish businesses were too valuable to the German economy to be destroyed. Hitler waited until the economy was stabilised and thriving until he began to exclude Jews. The Berlin Olympics further delayed this aim because Hitler didn't want other nations to witness his blatant anti-Semitic actions. However, by 1938 Aryanisation of the economy had been achieved and all Jewish businesses removed. The unemployed Jews were not counted in unemployment figures because they were not considered citizens after the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. Hitler was, therefore, successful in this aim because no Jew had a job in Germany and this created more jobs for Aryans and forced Jews into submission. After 1939, synthetic rubber or bung (very important in industry) could be produced enough in Germany so that her demands were met import more. However, prior to 1939, it could not. Also, Only half of German oil requirements were met by domestic oil fields or ersatz, the remaining requirements had to be imported in order to continue hydrocarbon-related production. Between 1939 and 1945 Germany was totally dependant on Sweden for imports of iron ore to manufacture war materials and such like. Therefore, Hitler was not very successful in making Germany an Autarkic country because Germany was not 100% self sufficient and relied on other countries to continue successful industrial production, There was no overall increase in agricultural production during Hitler's time in power. Although wheat and vegetable oil manufacture increased, this was at the expense of the prosperity of meat production. Even with the increased amounts of home produced vegetable oil, its high demand as a lubricant for factory machinery meant that more had to be imported in order to keep industry running. Germany also imported much of her food. Therefore, Hitler did not succeed in making Germany self-sufficient because she relied on other countries in order to keep running efficiently. Without imports, her industry would have collapsed and the economic policy would have lacked success. In conclusion, most of the Nazi aims in the Economic Policy were successful. Hitler managed to raise employment levels to almost 100%; more than double industrial production, exclude Jews; rearm and develop an army powerful enough to fight a war with much success for six years; and, therefore, greatly boost Germany's economy and the public's spirits. He did not, however, create and Autarkic country. This was a long-term aim and if he had been successful in World War 2 he would have achieved this.

Major General Benjamin Grierson in the Civil War

Major General Benjamin Grierson was noted Union cavalry commander during the Civil War. Serving in the Western Theater of the conflict, he came to fame while assigned to Major General Ulysses S. Grants Army of the Tennessee. During the campaign to capture Vicksburg, MS in 1863, Grierson led a famed cavalry raid through the heart of Mississippi which did substantial damage and distracted the Confederate strongholds garrison. In the final years of the conflict, he commanded cavalry formations in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Grierson spent the latter part of his career on the frontier until retiring from the US Army in 1890. Early Life Career Born July 8, 1826 in Pittsburgh, PA, Benjamin Grierson was the youngest child of Robert and Mary Grierson. Moving to Youngstown, OH at a young age, Grierson was educated locally. At the age of eight, he was badly injured when he was kicked by a horse. This incident scarred the young boy and left him afraid of riding. A gifted musician, Grierson began leading a local band at age thirteen and later pursued a career as a music teacher. Traveling west, he found employment as a teacher and band leader in Jacksonville, IL during the early 1850s. Making a home for himself, he married Alice Kirk on September 24, 1854. The following year, Grierson became a partner in a mercantile business in nearby Meredosia and later became involved in Republican politics. Major General Benjamin Grierson Rank: Major GeneralService: US ArmyBorn: July 8, 1826 at Pittsburgh, PADied: August 31, 1911 at Omena, MIParents: Robert and Mary GriersonSpouse: Alice Kirk, Lillian Atwood KingConflicts: Civil WarKnown For: Vicksburg Campaign (1862-1863) The Civil War Begins By 1861, Griersons business was failing as the nation descended into the Civil War. With the outbreak of hostilities, he joined the Union Army as an aide to Brigadier General Benjamin Prentiss. Promoted to major on October 24, 1861, Grierson overcame his fear of horses and joined the 6th Illinois Cavalry. Serving with the regiment through the winter and into 1862, he was promoted to colonel on April 13. Part of the Union advance into Tennessee, Grierson led his regiment on numerous raids against Confederate railroads and military facilities while also scouting for the army. Displaying skill in the field, he was elevated to command a cavalry brigade in Major General Ulysses S. Grants Army of the Tennessee in November. Moving into Mississippi, Grant sought to capture the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg. Seizing the town was a vital step towards securing the Mississippi River for the Union and cutting the Confederacy in two. In November and December, Grant began advancing along the Mississippi Central Railroad toward Vicksburg. This effort was cut short when Confederate cavalry under Major General Earl Van Dorn attacked his main supply depot at Holly Springs, MS. As the Confederate cavalry withdrew, Griersons brigade was among the forces that mounted an unsuccessful pursuit. In the spring of 1863, Grant began planning a new campaign which would see his forces move down the river and cross below Vicksburg in conjunction with efforts by Rear Admiral David D. Porters gunboats. Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson (seated, center) with staff. Public Domain Griersons Raid To support this effort, Grant ordered Grierson to take a force of 1,700 men and raid through central Mississippi. The goal of the raid was to tie down enemy forces while also hampering the Confederates ability to reinforce Vicksburg by destroying railroads and bridges. Departing La Grange, TN on April 17, Griersons command included the 6th and 7th Illinois as wells as 2nd Iowa Cavalry regiments. Crossing the Tallahatchie River the next day, the Union troops enduring heavy rains but met little resistance. Eager to maintain a fast pace, Grierson sent 175 of his slowest, least effective men back to La Grange on April 20. Learning of the Union raiders, the commander at Vicksburg, Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, ordered local cavalry forces to intercept them and directed part of his command to guard the railroads. Over the next several days, Grierson used a variety of ruses to throw off his pursuers as his men began disrupting the railroads of central Mississippi. Attacking Confederate installations and burning bridges and rolling stock, Griersons men created havoc and kept the enemy off balance. Repeatedly skirmishing with the enemy, Grierson led his men south towards Baton Rouge, LA. Arriving on May 2, his raid had been a stunning success and saw his command only lose three killed, seven wounded, and nine missing. More importantly, Griersons efforts effectively distracted Pembertons attention while Grant moved down the west bank of the Mississippi. Crossing the river on April 29-30, he embarked on a campaign that led to Vicksburgs capture on July 4. Later War After recovering from the raid, Grierson was promoted to brigadier general and ordered to join Major General Nathaniel Banks XIX Corps at the Siege of Port Hudson. Given command of the corps cavalry, he repeatedly skirmished with Confederate forces led by Colonel John Logan. The city finally fell to Banks on July 9. Returning to action the following spring, Grierson led a cavalry division during Major General William T. Shermans abortive Meridian Campaign. That June, his division was part of Brigadier General Samuel Sturgis command when it was routed by Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Brices Crossroads. Following the defeat, Grierson was directed to take command of Union cavalry in the District of West Tennessee. Major General William T. Sherman. National Archives Records Administration In this role, he took part in the Battle of Tupelo with Major General Andrew J. Smiths XVI Corps. Engaging Forrest on July 14-15, Union troops inflicted a defeat on the daring Confederate commander. On December 21, Grierson led a raiding force of two cavalry brigades out against the Mobile Ohio Railroad. Attacking a dismounted part of Forrests command at Verona, MS on December 25, he succeeded in taking a large number of prisoners. Three days later, Grierson captured another 500 men when he attacked a train near Egypt Station, MS. Returning on January 5, 1865, Grierson received a brevet promotion to major general. Later that spring, Grierson joined Major General Edward Canby for the campaign against Mobile, AL which fell on April 12. Later Career With the end of the Civil War, Grierson elected to remain in the US Army. Though penalized for not being a West Point graduate, he was accepted into the regular service with the rank of colonel in recognition for his wartime achievements. In 1866, Grierson organized the new 10th Cavalry Regiment. Composed of African-American soldiers with white officers, the 10th was one of the original Buffalo Soldier regiments. A firm believer in his mens fighting ability, Grierson was ostracized by many other officers who doubted the African Americans skills as soldiers. After commanding Forts Riley and Gibson between 1867 and 1869, he selected the site for Fort Sill. Overseeing the new posts construction, Grierson led the garrison from 1869 to 1872. During his tenure at Fort Sill, Griersons support of the peace policy on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation angered many settlers on the frontier. Over the next several years, he oversaw various posts along the western frontier and repeatedly skirmished with raiding Native Americans. During the 1880s, Grierson commanded the Departments of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. As in the past, he was relatively sympathetic to the plight of Native Americans living on the reservations. On April 5, 1890, Grierson was promoted to brigadier general. Retiring that July, he split his time between Jacksonville, IL and a ranch near Fort Concho, TX. Suffering a severe stroke in 1907, Grierson clung to life until finally dying at Omena, MI on August 31, 1911. His remains were later buried in Jacksonville.

Diversity at Deloitte - Plans and Policies - 1397 Words

Gender amp; Diversity Plan and Policies When talking about equality opportunities implemented by companies, we can make a differentiation between two different models, the liberal and the radical one. The liberal model, described by Jewson and Mason, is emphasized on a philosophy of sameness, where people should have access to and be assessed within the workplace as individuals, regardless of social category. In the other hand, the radical approach is focused on a positive discrimination where employment practices are deliberately manipulated in order to obtain a fair distribution of those disadvantaged groups in the workplace, and it is also focused in achieving not only equality of opportunity but also equality of outcome.†¦show more content†¦These activities give their professionals opportunities to gain knowledge and expand their networks and also provide them with another way to attract new talent. As part of these relationships, they help fund research and programs that build community and support career development for people of diverse backgrounds. Some examples of current sponsorships include: DiversityInc DiversityInc is a prime source for best practices and solutions to workplace diversity related challenges. The sponsorship makes it possible to expand the recruiting efforts as well as demonstrate the commitment to diversity in the marketplace. In addition, Deloitte leverages DiversityInc’s benchmarking data and analysis to increase awareness of the most progressive strategies companies and firms are employing, so that it can continue to be a true diversity leader. Working Mother Media Working Mother Media is solely focused on the challenges and tradeoffs that can impact working mothers and women of color. From their magazine to their robust website and inspiring conferences, Working Mother is a key resource for Deloitte to better understand these challenges and provide opportunities for people to leverage these resources. Deloitte is also an ongoing, premiere sponsor of the Working Mother Multicultural Women’s conference, as well as a sponsor of the Working Mother 100 Best Work LifeShow MoreRelatedHR and the Competiton for Talent Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesworkforce management is creating or maintaining their companies’ ability to compete for top talent† (Jones Keene, 2005). Moreover attracting and recruiting talented employees is not sufficient anymore, organizations need to implement an effective policy to retain these employees. The strategies discussed in this paper are supported with real time case studies to add further accreditatio n. The research drawn from these case studies are both empirical and theoretical in nature. 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