Social Warnings in Literature - 1872 Words

Throughout time, works of literature have often carried messages of great social importance. It is essential to understand these significant themes and agendas in order to understand the basis of the novels. Throughout The Prophet’s Hair by Salman Rushdie, War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells and A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess, there is much evidence supporting the idea of social or political ‘warnings,’ one could argue, about the functionality of society and those who govern said societies. The philosophies discovered by the reader (set there purposely by the author) provide the means to the essential bridge between reading literature and understanding the possibilities and comprehending the literature in question. Allegorically†¦show more content†¦Think of what earthquakes and floods, wars and volcanoes have done before to men! Did you think God had exempted Weybridge? He is not an insurance agent. (p.78) This quote from the narrator helps us try to understand where he is coming from. Society is based on evolution, not miracles, as many religions suggest. Faith can only go so far; and after that, one can only depend on himself, not the religious leader he looks to. This novel also hints at how unprepared the government is in regards to national emergencies, from natural disasters to alien encounters. And although the chances of humans interacting with extra-terrestrial creatures are slim, it would take an awfully closed-minded person to assume that Earth is the only planet with semi-intelligent organisms. There is a lot of dependence upon the state for guidance, as well as religion. And while the state may not be perfect to the average citizen, in times of need or trouble, they are the religious back-up. H.G. Wells is practically screaming for society to gain a sense of self rather than a sense of spiritual acknowledgement. The novel A Clockwork Orange is littered with ideologies regarding social and political messages and allegorical imagery supporting Anthony Burgess’ pessimistic approach to life during his later years. The coldness of reality, the societal ‘need’ for revenge and the importance of free will all play a large role in the philosophies given in the book. TheShow MoreRelatedDystopian Literature : The Dark Sides Of Our Dreams1456 Words   |  6 Pages how does dystopian literature demonstrate the power of fear? Dystopian fiction shows what happens if people don t fear for what s to come. Fear influences people very substantially, changing the actions they make. As it says in the text, â€Å"Dystopias are the dark sides of our dreams. There are common themes and stylistic choices because all of the distorted mirrors that authors are holding up are trying to show us the same things. They are trying to give us the same warnings - what the world mightRead MoreThe Beauty Of Dystopia By Aldous Huxley1197 Words   |  5 Pagesis that it lets us vicariously experience future worlds - but we still have the power to change our own. (Ally Condie). Dystopian Literature is intriguing as it exposes the reader to sometimes unconventional concepts and can also serve as a warning to what may become of society if the wrong path is chosen. In literary works of Brave New World, there are many warnings that the author Aldous Huxley establishes through events that take place in the civilized world. In this dystopian society we can observeRead MoreTaking a Brief Look at Crisis Management967 Words   |  4 Pageseffective management plans (Linsley and Slack, 2012). This brief literature synthesis focuses on three major areas related to crisis management. It will first analyse the meaning and mapping of crisis; next, it will consider the processes, models and complexity of crisis management; finally, it will highlight the concept and the role of risk management. Meaning and mapping of crisis Several definitions for crisis are available in the literature. Carmeli and Schaubroeck (2008) describe crisis as a momentRead MoreChristina Rossetti s Goblin Market Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesera proved itself quite accomplished within the realms of industry, capitalism, science, and literature. There is evidence that as the nation became stronger, powerful, and more profitable, morality suffered. So, along with these many achievements, many individuals had crisis of religous faith, while a substantial focus on capitalist greed and social darwinism took center stage. A concentration of these social attutides and their consequences are featured within Rossetti s Goblin Market, in severalRead More Profiling and Police/Community Relations Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagespolice officers, as completed by early intervention systems, in an effort to reduce complaints from members of the community. The literature on the attitudes which community members have about profiling states that race, personal experience, and media framing influence the public’s perception (Graziano, Schuck, Martin, 2010; Weitzer Tuch, 2002). 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The novella ‘Animal Farm’ confers the perils of political idealism when beset with power. ‘Animal Farm’ effectively emulates and validates Stover’s statement when she states that quality young adult literature mirrors the concerns of society out of which it is produced and is able to distil the complexities of the issue for readers. First Paragraph:Read MoreThe Controversy Over Trigger Warnings On Campus Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagestheir grievances about trigger warnings on campus. Both universities communicated to their students that they will not support trigger warnings since challenging curriculum and free thinking is needed for students to succeed in the classroom. Trigger warnings have constantly been in the center of media criticism. Because of this, some readers of this article might have preconceived beliefs about trigger warnings that may not be true. The controversy over trigger warnings is best understood as the disagreementRead MoreThe Death Of Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare And The Rwandan Genocide1637 Words   |  7 Pages Warnings play a very important role in the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. The omens and nightmares in the play foreshadow the death of Julius Caesar that later resulted to chaos in Rome. The events that lead to the assassination of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from characters such as his wife Calphurnia, the Soothsayer, Artemidorus and from the environment. Similarly, many warnings in the Rwanda history triggered the genocidal slaughterRead MoreThe Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket1271 Words   |  6 Pagesin the meanings they represent. Bell cricket stands for the precious things in life that are worth treasuring, whereas grasshoppers are symbolic of most of the mediocre events in life that we often neglect. The narrators words of wisdom are his warning to the children, not to take anything for granted. If the children take certain situations for granted, they may miss a great opportunity that was in front of them the whole time. There were crimson, pink, indigo, green, purple, yellow and one that

Contrast in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness” Free Essays

Conrad uses contrast in his novel â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. Conrad would use contrast to convey meaning in his writing. Not only did contrast help convey meaning, but he also used it to show feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast in Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of the many contrast in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† the difference of light and dark and the difference between the Thames River and the Congo River are the most obvious. The biggest contrast in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is the difference between light and dark. London represents the light. London is in civilization, and if London represents the light, then civilization also has a big thing to do with light. The light represents everything that everyone has learned in their life, whether it was through experiences or through other peoples mistakes. On the other side there is the darkness. Africa is the main representation of darkness. Africa was uncivilized territory that everyone wanted to explore, but the darkness frightened people. Everything that happened in the darkness, â€Å"cannibals† and â€Å"savages† prowled the darkness, awaiting travelers. Africa is the â€Å"heart of darkness†. The contrast of the Thames River and the Congo River is also big in the story. The Thames is characterized as calm. Like the light the Thames represents good. The light from London makes sure the river is seen and nothing is cryptic about the river. On the other hand, the Congo is a dark, cryptic river. It is a place of evil. The contrast of these two rivers is the difference between the good and the evil, and light and dark. The Thames is peaceful and tranquil; it symbolizes light and civilization. The Congo is wild and barbaric; it symbolizes the dark and everything uncivilized and frightening. How to cite Contrast in Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, Papers

The Necessity of reproductive health in the Philippines free essay sample

Topic Outline for the Argumentative Essay Title: The Necessity of Reproductive Health in the Philippines Thesis statement: Although the church believes that the RH Bill shouldn’t be implemented, I believe that the RH Bill would benefit the Philippines and give them the knowledge on reproductive health,abolish overpopulation inthe Philippines, and give people the freedom on how they want to deal with pregnancies. Introduction: Background, problem, and thesis statement Body: I. Counter-argument # 1 + Pro-argument #1 Con: The RH bill is anti-life. Pro: People should have the right to have the knowledge on reproductive health. II. Counter-argument # 2 + Pro-argument #2 Con: Life should be treated as a gift and not be treated as a threat. Pro: Overpopulation is one of the main causes of poverty and many are suffering because of this. III. Counter-argument # 3 + Pro-argument #3 Con: Unwanted pregnancy can easily be solved by depriving oneself of sexual pleasure, that you should be married before having sex, and it also allow abortion. Pro: Giving people the freedom to do what they want and how they want to do it. Conclusion: The RH Bill should be pushed through because it gives people the knowledge and the freedom to choose how they would live their life. The Necessity of Reproductive Health in the Philippines The lack of knowledge of people on reproductive health is a major problem in the Philippines. Unwanted pregnancy causes people to live their lives with the mistakes they did in the past. Is this really how we should let those people live their life? Or should we let them have a choice on how they live their lives? The RH Bill gives us the freedom to make a choice on how we live it. Although the church believes that the RH bill shouldn’t be implemented, I believe that that the RH Bill would benefit the Philippines and give them the knowledge on reproductive health, abolish overpopulation in the Philippines, and give people the freedom on how they want to deal  with pregnancies. The Catholic Church tells us that the RH Bill is anti-life and that if you support it then you’re not Catholic. First of all RH Bill only gives us the knowledge about reproductive health.It doesn’t tell us â€Å"Have sex with that girl and when she gets pregnant just abort the baby.†it just gives us the knowledge that we need to understand that having sex poses many threats like unwanted pregnancies, sexual diseases, and financial instability every one of these could ruin your life with the knowledge about reproductive health we can change that and lessen the chances of people getting these things. Also the right ofpeople to be informed of things is being hampered with the disapproval of the RH Bill. Information about reproductive health shouldn’t be hidden it should be shared amongst us Filipinos. In addition a lot of people are saying that the RH Bill approves of abortion. You don’t approve abortion by approving the RH Bill. As a matter of fact, the RH Bill intensifies the drive against abortion (Quiapo, 2011). The RH Bill is trying to stop those unwanted pregnancies from ever occurring thereforethe RH Bill is trying to stop abortion. According to Pope Benedict XVI (N.A),Selfishness and fear are at the root of (pro-abortion) legislationWe in the Church have a great struggle to defend lifelife is a gift not a threat. If life is really a gift should we let other people’s lives’ suffer just for the sake of the unborn lives that would also suffer from our own mistakes? Or should we better our economy first before letting those unborn children live? Overpopulation in our country is imminent and it is one of the main causes of poverty. Poverty in the Philippines is rampant that most Filipinos don’t even have enough money to provide for themselves let alone having a child and when raising that child he or she wouldn’t be able to eat 3 meals a day let alone study. With this knowledge the Philippine economy would also go down. Should we let this tragedy happen? Or should we do something about it today? The RH Bill should be approve because it not only helps control the population of our country, it also helps children from unwanted pregnancies to not experience that kind of life and also the Filipinos who created the child to have a better life of their own. The strongest arguments against the RH Bill are that people don’t need contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancies and thatthey just need to deprive themselves of sexual pleasure, that sex should only be done by people who are married to each other to avoid unwanted pregnancies, and  that the RH Bill allows women to have an abortion. First of all, when you make someone deprive themself of something you’re taking away their right of freedom to do what they yearn for which is sexual pleasure. Sexual pleasure is something we can’t really control it its human nature that we should be able do it with the opposite sexwhich is why we need contraceptives to help us cope with our sexual desire’s without endangering ourselves,the people around us, and the unborn childwith unwanted pregnancies. Secondly, in today’s society premarital sex is something that we can’t control. Even parents can’t control their children from having premarital sex. With this knowledge the least thing people can do is help the younger generation and give them all the knowledge they need to handle premarital sex. Lastly, what is abortion? Is abortion humane? Should we even consider on legalizing it? For me abortion is a sin, the act of killing a fetus is like killing a human being but even so I still support the RH Bill because the RH bill gives us the freedom to choose what we want in life. Who are we to judge what’s good and bad for others we should let them make their own choices and learn to respect their decisions. In conclusion, the RH Bill should be pushed throughto give the Filipino nation the right to be educated about reproductive health and giving them the choices to choose their own destiny and be able to correct the mistakes they did in the past. The RH Bill can also solve economic problems such as overpopulation and poverty and better the Philippine economy for the future generation to live in and give them the same or even a better Philippines than what we’re livingin now to give them the opportunity to have a better life. Most importantly the RH Bill would be a step for the Filipino nation to gain freedom and finally have the right to choose how they want to deal with reproduction. References

The Nature, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatmen Essay Example For Students

The Nature, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatmen Essay t of the HIV/AIDSArthur Ashe is an admirable and well known American tennis player who won many championships. He became the first African American male to win the mens Wimbledon title in 1975. Also, he was on the United States Davis Cup team from 1963 until 1984. Some of his other major accomplishments include helping to form what is now the Association of Tennis Professionals and winning the Australian Open, the United States Open, and the French Open. Ashe lived a wonderful and successful life: however, in 1983, disaster struck! Ashe acquired an incurable disease through a tainted blood transfusion. This disease killed him in 1993. What is this incurable disease that still haunts the lives of so many people? This is a disease known as AIDS. AIDS is a fatal disease without a cure and a disease that responds to little treatment. How can the spread of AIDS be stopped? This paper will discuss the nature of the AIDS virus, the transmission and the prevention of transmission, as well as the available treatments for people with this disease. First of all, AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is acquired which means that it is not passed down from generation to generation through a persons genes. AIDS is a disease that attacks the immune system, a system in the body that produces white blood cells in order to fight off diseases. This disease causes the immune system to be deficient, or weakened, so that it cannot properly fight off diseases. AIDS is a syndrome, or a group of illnesses with many possible symptoms that can occur together in a weakened condition. AIDS is a pandemic, meaning that it can be found on all continents. The disease was discovered in 1983, by a French cancer specialist, Luc Montagnier, along with other scientists, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. However, there were AIDS cases reported as early as the 1950s. The 80s will go down as the decade that AIDS began. We want to know, Why (Bevan 27)? One of the reasons is the promiscuity of sexually active people during the 1980s and the sharing of intravenous hypodermic needles and syringes by drug users. We will write a custom essay on The Nature, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatmen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Secondly, AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. This virus attacks the antibodies in a persons immune system, thereby disabling that system. HIV works in an unusual way because it uses the immune system to its advantage. Viruses cannot live unless they are inside of a living cell called a host. The virus uses the host cell to reproduce themselves, causing the cell to die in the process. The new virii are then set free. The HIV virus attacks T4 lymphocytes, which are a special type of white blood cell. These cells are the bodys method of defense. Without them, humans are susceptible to disease and infection. It is not HIV that kills people, but the opportunistic infections people get because of a weakened immune system. Bevan characterizes HIV by saying, Its the sneakiest virus of all. It goes for the crucial link in the immune system, the cells at the heart of the fightback effort (Bevan 24). This is why HIV is so dangerous. Being HIV positive does not mean that a person has full-blown AIDS, and not everyone who gets HIV develops full-blown AIDS. When one fully develops AIDS, the signs and symptoms become more evident. These symptoms include: a failing immune system, persistent swollen lymph nodes and opportunistic infections (Stine 114). A common example of a skin disorder caused by AIDS is Kaposis sarcoma. That is, a multifocal, spreading cancer of connective tissue, principally involving the skin; it usually begins on the toes or the feet as reddish blue or brownish soft nodules and tumors (Stine 442). Lymph nodes are gland-like forms that help stop the spread of infection. When they become persistently swollen, one can develop lymphadenopathy syndrome or LAS. This condition can bring on mild symptoms of fever and weight loss. Other signs of full-blown AIDS include oral lesions such as thrush and hairy leukoplakia. People may also develop kidney disorders and gastrointestinal diseases like severe diarrhea that can cause weight loss. Sin ce AIDS is such a serious incurable disease, it is important to know how the disease is transmitted. One method of transmission is via bodily fluids by having sex. This includes all forms of sex: vaginal sex, anal sex, and oral sex. The transmission also occurs in many other sexual activities. The human immunodeficiency virus can be transmitted through vaginal secretions in women to men by way of the bloodstream. In the same way, men can pass HIV to women in their semen. Men can also pass it to other men by way of bodily fluids if the men are bisexual or homosexual The more sexual partners one has, the greater the risk of contracting HIV. There is a saying, in terms of AIDS, that when you sleep with someone, you are in effect sleeping with all their partners over the past five years (Bevan 35). Another way that one can get HIV is by sharing hypodermic drug needles. Each time a person uses a needle and syringe, a tiny trace of blood is left inside (Bevan 10). The blood that is left i nside of this needle could contain HIV. When the HIV infected needle or syringe is inserted into ones body, the virus is able to travel into that persons bloodstream, thereby transmitting HIV. Even if the needle appears to be clean, it can still contain HIV infected blood. A drop of blood too small to be noticed can contain thousands of viruses (Bevan 11). Drug users have enough problems to worry about without having to worry about getting AIDS. However, many drug users continue to share their needles because of excuses, desperation, and because sharing needles has become a ritual to develop closeness. Some people believe that if they inject the needle into the right place and dont hit a vein that they will be safe. It doesnt matter where the needle is injected. As long as the needle is contaminated with HIV, there is a possibility of catching AIDS. Other drug users are so addicted and desperate that they would risk anything even their lives to get high. For some addicts, the chanc e of catching AIDS seems less important than missing the next fix (Bevan 15). Finally, some users share needles in order to feel accepted into the group. People who use drugs are often looking for something to belong to, and they will do anything to feel like they are part of a group. They feel that they need to share needles in order to experience a special bond between themselves and others. It has become a ritual. However, no matter what the reason is that one has to share drug needles, there is never a good one. It is also possible for someone to become infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion. Since a transfusion involves placing foreign blood directly into the recipients blood stream, the necessary condition for transmission is present, and that condition is the direct contact of potentially infected fluid with susceptible cells in the recipient. This is a method of AIDS transmission that the patient can do little about. Hemophiliacs who received blood transfusions befor e 1985 are the ones most at risk in this category. Today, there is only a small possibility of someone getting HIV through a blood transfusion. This is because in June of 1985, hospitals began screening blood to see if it was HIV infected (Flynn 64). Presently, there is only a small chance that the tests will not notice the virus in the blood. It is estimated that undetected HIV is present in fewer than one in four hundred fifty thousand to six hundred thousand units of blood (Microsoft Corporation 7). Technicians also pasteurize the blood to assure elimination of HIV. Another way for AIDS to be transmitted is from an infected mother to her baby, either before or during childbirth, or through breast-feeding. The blood supplies of the baby and the mother are closely linked during pregnancy. Even though the mothers and the childs bloodstream are separated by the placenta, preventing the exchange of cells, the exchange of nutrients, blood, and small particles like viruses are still exc hanged. HIV infection during pregnancy mainly occurs during the third trimester because of small tears which sometimes occur in the placenta. Current statistics indicate that there is about a 50% chance that an infected mother will produce an infected infant (Conner 149). Most infected children die before the age of five years (Conner 151). Even uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers have an incidence of heart problems 12 times that of children in the general population (Microsoft Corporation 7). It is important that people realize that they are not only putting themselves at risk, but also the lives of others. .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .postImageUrl , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:hover , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:visited , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:active { border:0!important; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:active , .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8730d035e6dc9ca8f107740af8a74abc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Civil Disobedience EssayHowever, it is not possible for a person to contract AIDS by casual contact. AIDS cannot be transmitted by simply touching someone, going to school with someone, or even hugging someone. In order for HIV to be transmitted, an exchange of bodily fluids must occur. There is no other way. Additionally, HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host; therefore, it does not spread or maintain infectiousness outside its host (Microsoft Corporation 7). It is also impossible for HIV to be spread by insects. Many people, however, believe that mosquitoes and other sucking insects can do so. However, HIV can only live for a short period of time outside of a cell, or host, and therefore, cannot infect the insect. So, if the insect is unable to be infected, then the insect is unable to infect human beings. Knowing the methods of transmission enables us to know how to prevent the AIDS virus. One way to prevent the spread of AIDS is by practicing abstinence or by having safe sex. Abstinence is defined as not having sex at all, and it is the safest practice. However, if one feels that he must have sex, then safe sex should be practiced. Safe sex involves the use of a condom, according to the instructions on the packet. Latex condoms are the best condoms to use. One should also limit his sexual partners. The more sexual partners one has, the higher the risk of contracting AIDS. There are also many other sexual activities with a lower risk ot her than having actual sexual intercourse. These activities include: self masturbation, dry kissing, mutual masturbation, and wet, deep kissing (Bevan 36). Anal sex is the riskiest form because the linings in the anus are more sensitive, and are more likely to tear, enabling HIV to travel into the body. If one refuses to practice abstinence or safe sex, he should be regularly examined by doctors in order to know if he has contracted AIDS or another sexually transmitted disease. By knowing, he can get treatment and can then be more careful when around others so that they will not get a disease, also. Another way to prevent AIDS transmission is by not handling or sharing any hypodermic drug needles. Many people do not believe that AIDS is transmissible by sharing drug needles because the HIV seems to be taken outside of the body first and then passed on. This does occur, however, it is in a syringe, and blood cells are not exposed to the environment because of this. Also, it is usuall y done within a very short period of time, usually within seconds, or, at most, minutes (Conner 150). Thus, the safest way would be not participating in any drug activity. Prevention of this mode of transmission involves breaking the link between individuals and the syringe. However, if drugs are used, and needles are shared, the needles should be properly sterilized. Having sterile needles available for free is in debate in many communities, and in some places in effect, especially in highly populated urban areas. A health worker says, Free needles will support the drug community, but arrest AIDS spread (Bevan 12). Finally, in order to prevent the spread of AIDS, one must be aware of the fact that it is possible for anyone to get HIV. Many people believe that AIDS is a disease for certain stereotypes such as homosexuals and drug abusers. However, this is not true. Anyone can get HIV, no matter who he is. As mentioned earlier, Arthur Ashe, one of the worlds best tennis players, cont racted HIV through a blood transfusion. He was not a homosexual and he did not share drug needles. However, he contracted HIV and it killed him. Another devastating case of AIDS was the well known movie star, Rock Hudson. Hudson is, a Hollywood legend and undisclosed homosexual. He was the first major public figure to reveal he had AIDS. Hudson died in 1985 at age 59 (Stine 59). Hudson, unlike Ashe, could have prevented his contraction of AIDS, however, he was frivolous and therefore contracted AIDS. If you ever have sex, use drugs in non-sterile needles, or come into contact with any form of bodily fluid, there is a possibility of contracting HIV. True, there are people who are more at risk than others. These people are:Hemophiliacs who received contaminated blood before 1985. People who have lived or traveled to Central Africa (over the last 15 years) and had sexual relationships there. Homosexual and bisexual men. People who share needles to inject drugs (Bevan 51). .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .postImageUrl , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:hover , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:visited , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:active { border:0!important; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:active , .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724 .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35485b889ed6b7481eddce73a33a2724:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Persian Empire EssayHowever, just because one does not participate in any of these risky activities does not mean that he should not be careful. As stated before, one cannot tell if somebody has AIDS by looking at him. Therefore, people must be careful and protect themselves. Now that we know the methods of transmission, and the prevention of AIDS, we need to know what kind of treatments are available in case AIDS is acquired. One way to treat AIDS is by using a drug called retrovir zidovudine or asizidothymidine, which is commonly referred to as AZT. As stated earlier, AIDS is an incurable disease. There is also no vaccine for AIDS. The drug AZT can delay the progression of AIDS in some patients. Clinical benefits from AZT may be apparent within six weeks of therapy; and continued treatment prolongs survival (Stine 131). Also, new research shows that women with AIDS who receive AZT drug therapy during their pregnancies and give birth a C-section delivery may be providing their babies the best protection against HIV infection. Unfortunately, the drugs capability to prolong the life of an AIDS patient declines with time. Also, this drug does not stop the spread of HIV to other people. There are also other medicines available, and many are still in testing. Another form of treatment is alternating therapy. Alternating therapy consists of taking different drugs on and off. It gives peoples bodies an opportunity to mend from the side effects of each drug. Patients can alternate between AZT and other drugs. It is possible in some cases, not to suffer any side effects if the alternating drugs are taken correctly. Side effects can also be stopped before they start if alternating therapy is used. A further method of treatment for AIDS is treatment of the opportunistic infections caused by the breakdown of the immune system. Most commonly, people die from the cancers and other opportunistic infections caused from AIDS rather than from the virus itself. The most common opportunistic infection seen in AIDS is Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia (PCP), which is caused by a fungus that normally exists in the airways of all people (Microsoft Corporation 4). This is a serious, life-threatening disease. Therefore, the better the infections are treated, the longer the person may live. The bad point of this is, treatment for an OI is lifelong because of relapse if it is stopped (Stine 116). Since the immune system is what is being attacked, the body cannot fight off the disease without drugs. If treatment for opportunist infections is stopped, a relapse is almost definite. Some of the newest treatments include more antiviral therapies, immune system boosters, and triple drug therapy. These a re still in testing. Each new approach and drug must be extensively evaluated for safety and effectiveness. So far, the immune boosters are not very effective. These are used to help the immune system fight off HIV. However, the triple drug therapy, which consists of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine, have been prosperous. Triple drug therapy, also known as cocktail therapy, can suppress HIV for at least two years. The main problem with these drugs is that testing is a long process. There have been many derogatory comments towards the FDA, or Federal Drug Administration, concerning the length of testing. Therefore, policies have changed in order to give quicker approval. However, early availability of a drug entails the risk that it may be used in people before its toxicity and side effects are fully understood (Stine 337). However, many people with AIDS are willing to take this risk with the hope that the drug may prove effective. In conclusion, AIDS is an incurable disease wit h few treatments, caused by HIV, transmitted by way of bodily fluids. AIDS is mainly transmitted through sex and sexual activities, and by sharing hypodermic drug needles. Sexual transmission is most dangerous if there are many sexual partners, and if there is not use of a condom. Transmission via blood transfusions has become almost absent, thanks to blood screenings. Scientists are working hard on treatments and are working for a cure, however, it is lacking to be found. A World Health Organization official says, AIDSwill test our fundamental values and measure the moral strength of our cultures (Bevan 6). We are the only ones who can stop this pandemic. There is a way. Curable? No. Treatable? To a limited extent. Preventable? By a vaccine, no but by changing our behavior, yes. This is how we must fight AIDS. Prevention is better than cure. And when theres no cure, prevention is all we have (Bevan 46, 56).

AP Chemistry FRQ How to Ace the Free Response Questions

AP Chemistry FRQ How to Ace the Free Response Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Practicing free-response questions is one of the best things you can do to improve your AP Chemistry score. Not only will you excel on the free-response section, but you'll also know the material so well that the multiple-choice questions will be a piece of cake. In this article I'll tell you all about the free-response section of the exam, give you some tips on how to solve AP Chemistry FRQs, and go through a couple of sample problems from recent exams so you can get a feel for what they're like! What’s the Format of the AP Chemistry Free-Response Section? The free-response section of the AP Chemistry exam seems intimidating because it’s longer than free-response sections on most other AP tests, and it includes lots of calculations and experiments that you have to interpret.The most important thing you can do is remain calm and stay focused and methodical in your approach to each question.It’s not as scary or difficult as it looks if you’ve prepared well for the test and use your common sense! Here's an overview of the format of the free-response section: 105 minutes (1 hour 45 minutes) Calculator use permitted Seven questions total Three long response worth 10 points each Four short response worth 4 points each The long response questions always come first! You’ll be tested on the following skills (which may be tied to any topic in the AP Chemistry curriculum): Experimental design Analyzing real lab data to identify patterns and explain phenomena Creating or analyzing diagrams of molecules and atoms to explain observations Translating between different representations of data Following logical steps to analyze and solve problems OK, that all makes sense, but how exactly do you solve these long, complicated questions? In the next section,I’ll go through a step-by-step guide for how to approach the AP Chemistry FRQs. How to Solve AP Chemistry Free-Response Questions It's important to have a game plan for the free-response section. My first piece of advice is not to feel obligated to do the questions in order!Take a couple of minutes (no more than 5-10) at the beginning of the section to look through everything and decide which question you want to tackle first.It’s best to start with your strengths so you'll have more time at the end for challenging questions. You should spend a maximum of 20 minutes on each long free-response question and 10 minutes on each short free-response question.Keep an eye on the time so it doesn’t get away from you! Here are some basic steps you should take to solve free-response questions: Step 1: Figure Out What You Know First, assess the information the question gives you.It can be confusing to extract the data that’s embedded in the introduction over and over again as you go through different parts of the question.Make things easier for yourself by writing down the values you’re given next to the question so that they’re easily accessible when you need them.You should also take time to understand (at least on a general level) the experiment being described so that you don’t feel confused and overwhelmed when you start reading the question. Step 2: Dive Into the Question For each part of the question, read the instructions and ask yourself the following: Do you need to do any calculations? Decide which equations you’ll need (if applicable), and write them down.Do the necessary calculations based on the numbers you extracted in the previous step and any numbers you were given in this part of the question.Make sure you show your work! Don’t erase your calculations, and double-check everything to make sure you have the correct units and your answer makes sense logically. Does the question ask you to justify or explain your answer? If so, DON’T ignore these instructions.In many cases, you’ll only get points for your answer if you can explain it adequately.Use concrete evidence to back up your response (we’re talking hard data).Even if something seems obvious to you, spell it out as clearly as possible to ensure that you earn those points! Do you have to draw a diagram? Even though neither of the free-response questions I'll go over in the next section requiresthis, some questions will ask you to draw diagrams.For example: If you have to answer a question like this, try to be as clear as possible.Draw out your answer on scrap paper first if you feel unsure so that the final product is neat and unambiguous.Here’s the answer, by the way: Step 3: Double Check Look back at the question to make sure you didn’t miss anything or leave out any explanations.Reread each part and connect it directly to its corollary in your response so you’re scooping up all the points you possibly can!You should also walk through how you found each answer to make sure you didn’t make any weird errors you missed the first time around. Finally, check again for appropriate units. Errors in unit conversion are common silly mistakes that are really, really frustrating if you knew how to do the problem correctly otherwise. Did you remember to convert milliliters to liters? AP Chemistry FRQExamples I’ll go through the solution process for a sample question of each type so you can get a better idea of what the test will be like.Notice that these questions look complex and overwhelming at first, but if you stay calm and break them down methodically, they don’t end up being that bad! Long Free-Response Sample Question Here’s a sample long free-response question from the 2014 exam: There’s a ton of information here, so let’s start from the beginning.What we know from the short intro is that the pH of a 0.20 M 50 mL sample of propanoic acid is 2.79 at 25 degrees Celsius.There's alsoan equation that shows how the acid reacts with water and which products are created by this reaction. Now we're ready to tackle part (a): Where’s the conjugate acid-base pair in the equation?There are two pairs that you could potentially list for this answer: CH3CH2COOH (acid) and CH3CH2COO- (base) OR H30+ (acid) and H20 (base) We know that the first compound is propanoic acid, and the loss of the hydrogen atom through the reaction creates the basic compound on the right side of the equation.Conversely, the water in the first half of the equation is a base that becomes an acid when it picks up the hydrogen atom from the propanoic acid. To get this point, you would need to label each compound indicating which is the acid and which is the base. Always read instructions carefully, or you may lose out on points - I can't say this enough! Let’s move onto part (b): What’s the value of Ka for propanoic acid at the temperature indicated in the question?We just need to plug some values into the equation for Ka,which is given to you on the formula sheet for the test: Hmm, looks like we can’t plug in the values yet because we don’t know the molarity of the H30+, which would have to go in the [H+] spot in the equation.We can find that value using this other equation from the formula sheet: This means: -pH = log[H+]10-pH = [H+]10-2.79 = [H30+]1.6 x 10-3 M = [H30+] This value for the molarity of H30+is equal to the molarity of CH3CH2COO-. The same amount of each must be created by the equation because the hydrogen atoms are removed and added in a 1:1 ratio.Armed with this new information, we can go back to the Ka equation: Let's plug in our values: Ka = [H30+][CH3CH2COO-] / [CH3CH2COOH]Ka = (1.6 x 10-3 M)(1.6 x 10-3 M)/ 0.2 MKa = (1.6 x 10-3 M)2/0.2 MKa = 1.3 x 10-5 For part (b), you could earn three points total: One for correctly solving for [H30+] One for plugging the right values into the Ka equation One for solving for Ka correctly OK, now for part (c)! Oh crap, this one has PARTS WITHIN THE PART.Don’t panic; you got this. It’s just true or false plus answer explanations!The explanations on these types of questions are very important. If you don’t explain your answer adequately, you won’t get any points even if the answer itself is correct.You can earn two points total on this question, one for each answer AND explanation. Part (i): In solution, the OH ions from the NaOH will react with the CH3CH2COOH to form water and CH3CH2COO- like so (hydrolysis reaction): The pH of the resulting solution will be GREATER than 7 because of the formation of the new basic compound at equivalence. That means it’s false! Part (ii): If two acid solutions have the same pH, but one is with hydrochloric acid, and the other is with propionic acid, would the first solution necessarily have a lower molar concentration of the HCl? HCl is a strong acid that ionizes completely in solution while propionic acid only partially ionizes.Fewer moles of HCl are needed to produce the same molar concentration of H30+ and reach an equivalent pH level to the propionic acid solution.This one is true! The next part of the question offers up a new scenario, so let’s take stock of what we've learned from the added description.So, the student titrates 25 mL of a ~mystery solution~ (mysterious squiggles added for dramatic flair) of propanoic acid with 0.173 M NaOH and reaches the endpoint of the titration after 20.52 mL of the NaOH has been added. Now onto part (d)! Based on this information, part (d) asks us to figure out the molarity of the propanoic acid. First, how many moles of NaOH were put into the solution?We can find this by multiplying the total volume of NaOH solution by its molarity: (0.02052 L NaOH) x (0.173 mol NaOH / 1 L NaOH) =3.55 x 10-3mol A total of 3.55 x 10-3 moles of NaOH were put into the solution.Since the titration reached the equivalence point at this time, that means that the number of moles of NaOH added would have to be the same as the number of moles of propanoic acid in the original solution.If we divide 3.55 x 10-3 mol propanoic acid by the number of liters of acid in the original solution, we will get the molarity: 3.55 x 10-3 mol propanoic acid / 0.025 L propanoic acid = 0.142 M For this part, you get one point for correctly calculating the number of moles of acid at the equivalence point and one point for providing the correct molarity. Part (e) is a critical thinking question about a new experiment. Would the student have to use a different indicator to figure out the concentration of a solution of an acid with pKa of 4.83?Based on ourKa calculations in part b, we can use one of the equations on the formula sheet to figure out pKa for the original propionic acid and compare the two values. pKa = -logKapKa = -log(1.3 x 10-5)pKa = 4.89 The twopKa values of4.83 and 4.89 are pretty close to one another, so you wouldn’t need to use a different indicator in the new titration.The correct response is to disagree with the student’s claim.You get one point here for disagreeing with the claim and explaining why, and you get a second point for directly comparing the two pKa values. Short Free-Response Sample Question Here’s a sample short free-response question, also from the 2014 exam: As you can see, the â€Å"short† questions aren’t really that short, but they’re not as involved as the long ones.There isn't as much information to digest, and each of the parts of the question is more direct.Each part of this question is worth one point (4 points total). Your response must include the correct answer and the correct justification/methodology to earn points! Starting with part (a): This is a PV = nRT question!Since we want the number of moles of CO2, we’re solving for n.P is 1.04 atm, V is 1.00 L, R is the gas constant (0.08206 L atm mol−1 K−1), and T is 00 K. n = PV/RTn = (1.04 atm)(1.00 L)/(0.08206 L atm mol−1 K−1)(00 K) n = 0.05 mol CO2 Moving onto part (b): In experiment 1, the original number of moles of CaCO3 would be equivalent to 50.0 g / (100.09 g/mol). The 100.09 g/mol number was calculated by adding up the atomic weights of the elements in the compound.This calculation gives us 0.500 mol CaCO3 total. If all of it had decomposed, the figure we calculated in part a for the number of mols of CO2 produced would also be 0.500 mol, but it was only 0.05 mol.This discrepancy means that the student’s claim has to be false! Now let’s tackle part (c): What would happen if more gas was added to the container and the pressure went up to 1.5 atm? Would it go back down to 1.04 atm afterward? Equilibrium was reached in both experiments, and it resulted in a final pressure of 1.04 atm.The reaction would just adjust to the added gas by shifting towards the reactant.The pressure would go back down to the equilibrium figure of 1.04 atm as the excess CO2 was consumed.The final pressure would still be equal to 1.04 atm. Finally, we’ll answer part (d): Can we find Kp with the information we’re given?Yes!The pressure of the CO2 in this experiment determines the equilibrium constant as well because it’s the pressure of the gas at equilibrium.There’s only one gas involved in the reaction, and we already know its equilibrium pressure, which means we also know the value of the constant. Kp = 1.04 How to Practice AP Chemistry Free-Response Questions You can find AP Chemistry FRQsfrom previous years (and their solutions) on the College Board site. The test changed starting in 2014 (seven free-response questions instead of six, and no questions asking you just to balance equations), so keep in mind that only the 2014 and 2015 questions will be completely accurate representations of what you can expect to see on your test. Here's a link to the most recent questions and answer explanations: 2014 and 2015 AP Chemistry Free-Response Questions Note that you have to login to your College Board account for access to the 2015 questions. Even if you don't have an account yet, it's easy enough to create one (and you'll need it eventually anyways!). You can also practice with free-response questions from earlier versions of the exam. While these aren't completely aligned with the current structure of the test, they're still good tools to use in practicing your skills: AP Chemistry Free-Response Questions: 1999-2013 There is no login required for access to these questions. You can also check out my article that lists all the AP Chemistry practice tests and quizzes that are available online (coming soon!). There are a few more unofficial practice tests that include free-response questions modeled after the questions on the real exam. And use a calculator when you practice (you get one for the free-response section on the real test)! Definitely don't use a quill, though. That part of this image is irrelevant and mystifying. Conclusion The free-response section is the most challenging part of the AP Chemistry exam for most students. To do well, you need to have a strong understanding of all the major concepts covered in the course and be able to apply them to a variety of experimental scenarios. Most of these questions look intimidating, but they're manageable if you take them one step at a time and break them down into smaller chunks. Here's a review of how to solve free-response questions: Step 1: Figureout what you know Write down any data that's included in the question Step 2: Diveinto the question Figure out which formulas you need Do the necessary calculations Justify your responses Draw diagrams if applicable Step 3: Double check Make sure your units of measurement are correct Verify that your answers make sense logically Practice your skills on free-response questions from past AP tests until you feel comfortable. Remember, questions from tests before 2014 will be slightly different from the current free-response questions; base your expectations for the real test off the material from 2014 and 2015! What's Next? If you're looking for more AP Chemistry practice, check out my list of the best review books for this year's test.Almost all of them include free-response questions modeled after the current format of the exam. For a holistic look at the most effective way to study for in-class assessments and the final exam, read my ultimate study guide for AP Chemistry. Are you debating whether to start studying now or put it off a little longer? Learn more about when you need to get serious about your study plans for AP tests. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Adaptation As A Natural Instinct In The Movie Cast Away

Adaptation As A Natural Instinct In The Movie Cast Away Adaptation is a natural instinct that all living beings have, but only to a certain extent. In the movie Cast Away, the protagonist named Chuck Noland, is forced into adapting to an environment, which is nearly impossible to survive on for more than a few weeks. He finds himself stranded on an isolated, tropical island after a disastrous plane crash kills all passengers but him. He remains trapped on the island for four years, and does so with the help of three important things. Initially, it is the picture of his girlfriend Kelly that motivates him to survive to get back to her. Secondly, it is a volleyball named Wilson, which served as a link to society as well as his only friend. Lastly, and the most important aspect which exemplified his adaptation, was his large and crucial character change. A pocket watch Kelly gave him just before his flight tellingly represents his loss and his new understanding. In it he keeps her picture, like a shrine to his hopes for leaving the island. However, the pocket watch no longer keeps the time, because time stands still for Chuck. He has nowhere else to be, no longer a schedule to keep. With Kelly in mind, Chuck strives to survive and adapt to the land in order to get back to Kelly. Although Kelly is rarely seen in the movie, she played a key role in Chucks mind. Her photo was his motivation on the island to survive; it was the last thing he saw before bed, and the first thing he saw when he awoke. Secondly, one of the most notable aspects of the film is the volleyball named Wilson. Wilson was inside a parcel from the plane, and when Chuck discovers it, he immediately connects to it. His lack of human contact causes him to turn to Wilson, the painted with a face as his only friend and he is in constant conversation with it. One of Chucks ways to adapt to his new environment is to allow himself to be comfortable, and regain a sense of recognition. In this case, Wilson plays an important role in keeping Chuck, somewhat, sane during his stay on the island. Taking up conversation with a ball is what many would consider insane, but in Chucks case this is an ideal way to cope with the segregation from the rest of the world. It is Wilson who saves Chuck from insanity by waking up his emotions. Chuck is a man driven by time used to often tell his fellow FedEx employees, Time is our enemy. He didnt even have the time to propose properly to his girlfriend, and its almost as if the movie suggests Chuck has lost a sense of how to put his time to good use. When Chuck lands on the deserted island, he is finally forced to rethink his priorities, and quickly learns that his old value system is inadequate. His main concern is suddenly practical, and his skills in his old life are basically irrelevant to survival in his new one. The isolated setting of the island served as a contrast to the previous hectic world he used to live in. The drastic character change Chuck goes through demonstrates the effect of the island on him. Initially, on the island, he is frustrated when he cannot start a fire, or catch fish. It is clear that he is placed in a world that he is not familiar with, and does not know what to do with himself. As the years pass, he becomes skilled at catching fish, making fires, and even performing dentistry on himself. Basically, Chuck gains the appearance of a cave man, and has dropped half his weight. He has adapted to the island life, although not necessarily content with his new life, he is no longer a blabbering mess. Time was the only thing he had. When he was rescued from the island, he understands he must cherish, and be grateful for his life with Kelly, only to find out she has moved on. Although it took a four-year endurance on a deserted island, Chucks character has gone through a drastic change, and now realizes the importance of life and loved ones. Clearly, there are many factors that lead one to survive such an extraordinary situation as being stranded on an island, and three important things mark Chucks adaptation to his new world. First, Chucks girlfriend helps him through his though ordeal on the island by her presence is his mind and a picture he keeps of her. Another thing that assists in Chucks survival and adaptation is his friend Wilson, the volleyball, by connecting him back to the familiarity of society and his emotions. Finally, through a great change in appearance and character, Chuck shows how adaptation to an unfamiliar world can alter who a person really is. Ultimately, the movie Cast Away is a prime example of human adaptation, and how it can go beyond alls expectations when faced with motivation.Ã ¦

A Conceptual Model for Evaluating of Market Segments Research Paper - 1

A Conceptual Model for Evaluating of Market Segments - Research Paper Example It is suggested by the analysis that a synthesis of these three models can potentially produce a holistic tool for evaluating segments; a tool which considers both the internal and external forces and which incorporates the firm’s specific needs. The evaluation of market segments is one of the most critical aspects in the entire segmentation analysis, given that the segments that are eventually selected by firms need to be attractive, measurable and substantial (Beane and Ennis, 1987; Sarabia, 1996). Segmentation is crucial because it provides a direction for marketing strategies to be developed; on the basis of segmentation firms design specific marketing activities targeting clusters of the market which shares some degree of homogeneity and which are likely to respond in a similar manner to marketing incentives (Jonker et al., 2004). According to Wind (1978) and Ou et al. (2009) segmentation should be not only approached through statistical measures which only provide a picture of the differences between various segments, but more consistently should be approached through subjective measures as well, which denote the essence of the judgements of the decision makers and as Sarabia (1996) stresses, the distinctiveness of each firm (and each firm’s needs). Thus evaluation of segments becomes of crucial importance because it shows, on the one hand, the attractiveness of each segment identified but this attractiveness is measured by incorporating the specific-firm aspects as well. In this paper, three models for evaluating segments are presented and assessed in terms of their strengths in an attempt to synthesize a theoretical framework for segment evaluation. Market segmentation is treated differently by many academic researchers and scholars. According to Beane and Ennis (1987), the existence of various approaches to market  segmentation reveals the different viewpoints on the subject.  

Leadership Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership analysis - Case Study Example He links the employees with the employer, advocating for regulated working hours. Though he is close, WHP included mandatory checkups which might have sounded as unkind to the workforce. However, Teow covered the ruthlessness of this activity by including members from each department in the program’s management team. Teow expressed a positive character that portrayed high levels of compatibility with the workforce he was outgoing and very social. Teow led by example and maintained smallest distance possible between him and his employees. Notably, Teow comments that his goal of achieving a happy and engaging team that incorporated all department was achieved, portraying the desire to listen to every individual regardless of his job position. Teow sought stimulation of employees via improved health and openness to the best interst of the company. Teows success was based on his friendly and agreeability trait. WHP program, was n manged by several people including the Company’s Recreation committee. Teow respected opinions of these members and acted according to collective judgement. Evidently, Teow promoted payout bonus previously set by the management though he incorporated changes its implementation to include physical health. Moreover, Teow stands by his actions and embraces little sensitivity to emotions. The WHP program faced opposition in its initial stages. Despite having low employee participation, Teow never gave up or even implemented a forceful action, but emphasized on convincing by stating its importance. Additionally though Teow seems anxious about the results, he controls his anxiety and slowly sets small achievable goals. WHP made Teow appear as a dependable leader. The program’s success was accompanied by productivity improvement as well as achievement of company goals as it was anticipated in the beginning. Teow is a conscientious leader embracing on planned changes.

The Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay Example for Free

The Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay John Misto, the person behind the play The Shoe-Horn Sonata, uses his distinctively visual text as a memorial for the Australian Army nurses who died in the war, as they were refused one by the government. â€Å"I do not have the power to build a memorial. So I wrote a play instead. † This drama illustrates the way the women were treated in the Japanese prisoner of war camps, during World War II through the two main characters Bridie – an Australian army nurse and Sheila – an English woman. The different dramatic techniques used in this play aid in the manipulation of the audience’s emotions and sway the preconceptions of the group. Misto utilises projected images and the emotive dialogue to create a vivid image in the viewer’s mind that is both distinctively visual and evokes emotions from the audience. Misto is not the only author to have used this technique in his work, John Schumann’s I Was Only 19 is a song that also features distinctively visual elements throughout the song. This text explores the conditions of the Vietnam war and the effect it has afterwards on someone as young as nineteen and has a similar purpose to Misto’s, to expose the terrible conditions of war and the effect it had and is still having on them today. Schumann uses intense emotive language to influence the listener’s opinion on war and draw attention to the conditions prisoners of war face. The Shoe-Horn Sonata digs deep into the readers mind and challenges their thoughts on the way they perceive injustices been done to the memory of the nurses, and of the thousands of other women and children who suffered with them. Misto is able to do this by projecting images onto a screen in the background. â€Å"Projected onto the screen is a photograph of row upon row of captured British and Australian women bowing to the Japanese. These images contribute to the creation of a physical, distinctively visual element in the drama. The confronting images shown forces the audience to reconsider their understanding of the prisoner of war camps in Japan. The audience begins to visualise the conditions the women faced and this leaves an impact on the viewer. Through this, Misto is able to convey his message to his audience through the distin ctively visual images, not only projected on the screen, but shaped in the viewer mind. Although Misto only intended to expose the injustices that had been done to the women’s memory, he has revealed the effect the war had on them and the aftermath of the camps. Misto brings to light the influence the camps had on the women involved in the war. â€Å"She stole every sheet and towel in her room – once she found out the Japanese own this place. † In this quote it is obvious that the women have still not recovered from the traumatic experience in the camp and still feel livid towards the Japanese. The distinctively visual dialogue is enough for the viewer to visualise the event taking place. The fact that the prisoners of war still feel resentment towards the Japanese suggests to the audience that the things they went through must have been worse than the responder originally assumed. The distinctively visual scene allows Misto to manipulate his audiences thinking, this emphasises the injustices that have been done to the women’s memory as the audience begins to realise the damage done to the women, mentally. The Shoe-Horn Sonata continues to battle the audience’s preconceptions of the prisoner of war camps in Japan by using stage directions as a medium for further exposing the effect the war had on its prisoners in Japan. The final scene Bride and Sheila finally feel free after over fifty years. â€Å"Bridie and Sheila are confidently dancing and the theatre is filled with Srauss’ music. It is the music of joy and triumph and survival. † As the two are dancing, triumphant music begins to play emphasising in the viewers mind that after all the years of fear and uncertainty, they finally feel free and confident again. The distinctively visual dancing reinforces the idea that they are free and dancing is a way of expressing your freedom. Misto was even able to, in his stage directions; convey the drama’s purpose through distinctively visual elements. John Schumann’s I Was Only 19 is abundant with different examples of how the distinctively visual conveys the author’s purpose. Schumann uses strong emotive language to produce a distinctively visual image in the reader’s mind. â€Å"And the Anzac legends didn’t mention mud and blood and tears,† the egative connotations attached to the words â€Å"mud†, â€Å"blood†, and â€Å"tears† contrasts with the idea of the Anzac legends, which has a positive connotations. These ideas contrast forcing the reader to reassess their thoughts on the Anzac legends and how they affected the Anzacs during and after the war. The emotive words create a distinctively visual image in the readers mind as they vi sualise the mud-covered jungles of Vietnam and the pain (blood) and suffering (tears) the Anzacs went through. Schumann is able to form a distinctively visual image using only strong emotive language, and he uses this technique to convey the purpose of his song. I Was Only 19 includes many more examples of how Schumann uses distinctively visual language to convey his message. â€Å"And night time’s just a jungle dark and a barking M16? † The emotive word â€Å"dark† creates a distinctively visual image of a dark, dangerous jungle which also incorporates an almost life-like sound of an M16 firing in the background. This image is formed from the powerful emotion in the language and the imagery it creates. As the viewer pictures the dark jungle, they are confronted with the idea that an actual person had fallen into that unfortunate situation and this is what Schumann wants his readers to reflect on, the idea that someone had to experience those conditions for years. Schumann is hopefully able to evoke sympathy in the reader for the soldiers that were in Vietnam. The distinctively visual imagery aids in the creation of this process. John Misto and John Schumann both have a message they want to get out to the world. They may be similar but they both are just as important as the other. These composers are trained in using language and dramatic techniques to manipulate the audience’s emotions and persuading them to think what they wanted them to think, which in this case, is to spread the story of the women nurses in prisoner of war camps and how this affected them and the Vietnam veterans, including their mental and physical diseases. They have successfully done this, using distinctively visual elements in their texts.

Inertia :: essays research papers

Centuries of thought and experimentation by several of the greatest minds to ever walk the earth have contributed to the awareness of this property of matter known as Inertia. It all began with the investigation of an ancient Greek scientist and philosopher by the name of Aristotle. Through countless observations and hypotheses, Aristotle grew almost certain of a few things involving motion. Aristotle’s findings suggested mainly that Earthly objects seek their natural place at rest. This natural place related to earth, water, air and fire respectably. He also believed that motion must be subjected to unnatural force, meaning motion could not come about without it. In order to maintain this motion, Aristotle stated that force must be applied to the object constantly. These four statements were considered concrete in the world of physics for nearly two thousand years after Aristotle’s passing. It would take an Italian physicist and astronomer named Galileo to eventually disprove his thoughts on motion. Galileo proposed his formulation of the concept of inertia, which is the property of matter that causes it to resist any change of its motion in either direction or speed. In other words, if an object in a state of motion possesses an â€Å"inertia†, it causes the object to remain in that state of motion unless an external force acts on it. Galileo figured this out by first meticulously observing Aristotle’s concept of motion. By virtue of a series of experiments, Galileo realized that the analysis of Aristotle was incorrect because it failed to account properly for a hidden force, the frictional force between the surface and the object. For example if one were to push a block of wood across a table, there would be two opposing forces that act, one of them being the force associated with the push and the other, the force that is associated with the friction, which acts in the opposite direction. Galileo realized as the frictional forces were decreased the object wo uld move further and further before stopping. An English mathematician and physicist by the name of Sir Issac Newton would later develop Galilieo’s idea of inertia into one of his three scientific laws. Aware of other factors that played a roll in the theory of inertia, Newton proposed two other laws that supported it. They are included in his famous three laws of motion. The first law of motion states "a body in motion shall remain in motion moving with a constant speed and direction, unless acted on by an outside force".

Can biology learning process be improved through language

This action research aimed to better the acquisition and instruction of biological science at Form III degree by bettering the linguistic communication literacy of the pupils. The survey was both qualitative and quantitative as both attacks were related to each other for breath and deepness of analysis, which helped in the bite of information. In this chapter on methodological analysis I explain why action research was the best pick harmonizing to me, what were the analysis processes, ethical considerations, cogency, dependability and reflexiveness. The definition of an Action Research and the model of the Action Research survey, dwelling of planning, moving, detecting and reflecting are besides discussed. 3.1 Research paradigms The intent of this research is to better Biology instruction and larning through linguistic communication literacy. In order to make up one's mind which research methods to utilize it is of import to hold a expression at different research theoretical accounts. Research workers have assorted positions about the universe and hence, utilize different logics and techniques to look into it. Consequently there have been two chief viing theoretical accounts which have evolved: the rationalist besides called quantitative paradigm and the interpretative besides known as the qualitative paradigm ( Hammersley & A ; Atkinson, 1997 ; Bassey, 1995 ) . A paradigm can be defined as â€Å" a basic belief system or universe position that guides the probe † ( Guba & A ; Lincoln, 1994, p.105 in Denzin & A ; Lincoln, 2000 ) . The following efforts to cast some visible radiation on the rationalist and interpretative paradigms.3.1.1 The rationalist paradigmThe rationalist is linked with a world â⠂¬Ëœout there ‘ in the universe that exists whether or non, irrespective of who observes. Harmonizing to Cohen et Al. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" The ontological and epistemic footing of positivism is a belief in a individual independently bing world that can be accessed by research workers following an objectivist attack to the acquisition of cognition. † The research worker and the object of research are assumed to be independent entities. The rationalist can analyze the object without act uponing it or being influenced by it. Whenever any influence is recognized, schemes are adopted to command it. The methodological analysis of the rationalist paradigm is based on the theoretical account of the societal scientific disciplines. The perceiver is separate from the entities that are capable to observation ( Bassey, 1999 ; Silverman, 2000 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Opie ( 2004 ) , â€Å" taking a rationalist attack to educational research will about surely lead to processs, which result in the aggregation of quantitative informations and proving hypotheses, such as informations from questionnaires and difficult facts from experimental work. † The rationalists do non take into account their values. They carefully manipulate variables to forestall outcomes from being improperly influenced.3.1.2 The interpretative paradigmWorld is seen as a concept of a human head in the interpretative paradigm. Peoples perceive and so interpret the universe in ways, which are frequently similar, but non needfully the same. The interpretative paradigm is qualitative. This paradigm is conce rned with significances and the manner people understand things and forms of behaviours ( Denscome, 1998 ) . As Blaikie ( 2000 ) provinces in Mason, J. ( 2002, pp 56 ) Interpretivists are concerned with understanding the societal universe people have produced and which they reproduce through their continuing activities. This mundane world consists of the significances and readings given by the societal histrions to their actions, other people ‘s actions, societal state of affairss and natural and humanly created objects. † ( 2000: 115 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Mason, J. ( 2002, pp 56 ) , â€Å" interpretative attacks, nevertheless, is that they see people, and their readings, perceptual experiences, significances and apprehensions, as the primary informations beginnings. Interpretivism does non hold to trust on â€Å" entire submergence in a scene ‘ hence, and can happily back up a survey which uses interview. † The interpretative research worker has a detailed, rich and empathetic description, written straight and slightly informally ( Bassey, 1995 ) .3.1.3 Research paradigm for my researchHarmonizing to Grim et Al ( 2006 ) the divide between quantitative and qualitative societal methodological analysiss is so dramatic. A semi quanti-qualitative research I believe suited me best. For the intents of this survey, foremost of all the qualitative attack was adopted because it is in line with the thought of Creswell who states that the end of qualitative research â€Å" is to trust every bit much as possible on the participants ‘ positions of the state of affairs being studied † ( Creswell 2003, p. 8 ) . . Furthermore, this method was chosen because the research worker ‘s function will be that of a non-participant perceiver. Interviews, group treatments, observation and contemplation field notes, research journal, and analysis of paperss were done. The quantitative processs on the other manus were besides used for illustration through questionnaires in my methodological analysis.3.2 Action researchAction research is a procedure in which participants examine their ain educational pattern consistently and carefully, utilizing the techniques of research. It is based on the undermentioned premises: aˆ? Teachers work best on jobs they have identified for themselves aˆ? Teachers go more effectual when encouraged to analyze and measure their ain work and so see ways of working otherwise aˆ? Working with co-workers helps instructors in their professional development ( Watts, 1985, p. 118 ) . Implicit in the term action research is the thought that it begins with a rhythm of presenting inquiries, garnering informations, contemplation, and make up one's minding on a class of action. Typically, action research is undertaken in a school scene. It is a brooding procedure that allows for enquiry and treatment as constituents of the â€Å" research. † Frequently, action research is a collaborative activity seeking for solutions to jobs experienced in schools, or looking for ways to better direction and increase pupil accomplishment. Rather than covering with the theoretical, action research allows practicians to turn to those concerns that are closest to them, 1s over which they can exhibit some influence and do alteration. Furthermore, the procedure of action research assists pedagogues in measuring demands, documenting the stairss of enquiry, analysing informations, and doing informed determinations that can take to coveted results. Action research involves a self-reflective spiral of planning, moving, detecting, reflecting and re-planning. It provides flexibility well-suited to altering state of affairss due to its cyclic or coiling procedure. Within each rhythm there is action followed by critical contemplation. Stairss in Action Research Within all the definitions of action research, there are four basic subjects: authorization of participants, coaction through engagement, acquisition of cognition, and societal alteration. In carry oning action research, we construction modus operandis for uninterrupted confrontation with informations on the wellness of a school community. These modus operandis are slackly guided by motion through five stages of enquiry: 1. Designation of job country 2. Collection and organisation of informations 3. Interpretation of informations 4. Action based on informations 5. Contemplation ( Ferrance, E. 2000, p.6 ) I have chosen to make action research because it is a brooding probe of a problem.A The procedure will get down with the development of inquiries, which will be answered by the aggregation of informations. I will roll up informations, analyze, and construe all the consequences. Furthermore, I adopted the action research theoretical account because it is simple, systematic, and comparatively easy to utilize in the schoolroom, but most of all, appropriate for my research rubric. This theoretical account besides provides me with the chance to analyze and reflect on my instruction schemes and manners in an effort to increase linguistic communication literacy among my signifier 3 pupils in the acquisition of biological science every bit good as bettering my ain pattern and hence, lending to my ain uninterrupted professional development. There are several qualities of action research which allow it to prosecute strict apprehension: The engagement of all interested parties provides more information about the state of affairsA ACritical contemplation in each rhythm provides many opportunities to rectify mistakes. This is particularly so when there are rhythms within rhythms within rhythms, and where the critical contemplation is characterised by a vigorous hunt for disconfirming groundsA AWithin each rhythm the premises underlying the programs are tested in action.3.3 Research rhythmsA normally known rhythm is that of the influential theoretical account of Kemmis and McTaggart ( 1988 ) who believe in – program, act, observe, reflect ; and so, in the visible radiation of this, program for the following rhythm. It is the cyclic nature of action research, which allows responsiveness.A To my head, a cyclic procedure is of import because it gives more opportunities to larn from experience if there is existent contemplation on the procedure and on the results, intended and unintended. Furthermore, Action researc h allows us the chance to determine and polish our ain instruction and to construct on our ain successes. The process for this research will be chiefly learner centered, where the pupils will larn by making.3.4 Research InstrumentsThis subdivision contains description on how I conducted my research, with peculiar accent on research instruments. These are important in the procedure of roll uping information to reply the research inquiries and/or confirm or reject premises. There are different types of informations aggregation instruments, each with its ain specific properties, thereby geting specific utilizations. In this peculiar research, the observation agenda, research journal, equal observations, artifacts, and concentrate groups were used as instruments to roll up informations, in an effort to depict to the full and every bit amply as possible, whether the acquisition and instruction of biological science improved through linguistic communication literacy.3.4.1Observation agend aA really common method of research instrument is called observation agenda. In this instance the research worker has the function of non-participant perceiver. Non-participant observation involves the research worker acquiring into state of affairss where behaviour, interactions, and so on can be observed at first manus ( Harvey & A ; Mc Donald, 1993 ) . I undertook this method and walked about, casually, at the location to be researched, at a good clip to carry on research. The principle for utilizing observation as a tool for informations aggregation was to measure the pupils ‘ public presentation and how they reacted to assorted schemes. Furthermore, this research instrument was used because it normally collects really dependable, high-quality informations, and is regarded as being a cost effectual method of carry oning research. A big sum of information could besides be gathered in a short clip. As Cohen et Al ( 2000, pp 305 ) says, ‘Observation enables research workers to understand the context of programmes, to be open-ended and inductive, to see things that might otherwise be unconsciously missed, to detect things that participants might non freely speak about in interview state of affairss, to travel beyond perception-based informations and to entree personal-knowledge. ‘ Furthermore, as Cohen et Al ( 2000, pp 315 ) provinces, â€Å" Observation methods are powerful tools for deriving penetration into state of affairss. As with other informations aggregation techniques, they are beset by issues of cogency and dependability. Even low illation observation, is itself extremely selective, merely as perceptual experience is selective. † Furthermore, the covert engagement observation was used ( that is where the research worker does non uncover the grounds of her observation ) during normal biological science categories to cut down the component of prejudice to bring forth more dependable and valid information. This was done to decrease the incidence of the presence of the research worker to impact the behaviour of the pupils under survey. I wanted all the participants to act usually although they were expected to pass on merely in English linguistic communication every bit far as possible. In footings of cogency besides, experimental research findings are considered strong. Trochim ( 2000 ) states that cogency is the best available estimate to the truth of a given proposition, illation, or decision. Harmonizing to him, experimental research findings are considered strong in cogency because the research worker is able to roll up in depth information about a peculiar behavior and the usage of multiple beginnings of in formation helps increase cogency.3.4.1.1Structured observationStructured observations utilizing checklists coupled with a evaluation graduated table was used during the survey. The checklists allowed me to corroborate if a pre-specified behaviour was present. The usage of a checklist besides allows to concentrate on the precise facets of behavior to be analysed and circumvents a superficial overview of the schoolroom kineticss ( Macintyre, 2000 ) .3.4.1.2 Informal observationInformal observations were planned when transporting out the assorted lessons so as to enter information in a methodical manner in the research journal. This allows for contemplation on the troubles encountered and the behaviour of pupils.3.4.2 InterviewsHarmonizing to Freebody, P. ( 2003, p 137 ) , â€Å" Interviewing is best understood as an interactive event in which members of a civilization draw on and reconstruct their shared cultural cognition, including their cognition about how members-of-their-certain -kinds routinely speak in such scenes. † Informal interviews were carried out with the focal point group pupils. The feedback obtained from the interview was most constructive because the pupils were critical and had a different perceptual experience of the instruction and larning procedures from that of the instructor. They were a really enriching beginning of information because it was the pupils ‘ voice could be heard. The informal interviews were besides really valuable because they provided instant feedbacks on the research procedure, and helpful suggestions for betterment.3.4.3 QuestionnairesStudents questionnaires ( See Appendix **** ) were designed to assist the instructor research worker on her pattern and to inform her on future work.3.4.3.1Justification of questionnaire3.4.3.2Questionnaire design3.4.3.3Pre-test of questionnaire3.4.4 Research journalThe instrument I used to enter observations was a research journal. For each observation, the day of the month, clip, continuance, and description of information s observed were written. I jotted down notes in a journal that served as memory assistance and afterwards every bit shortly as possible full field notes were constructed. ( Hoepfl, 1997 ) .3.4.5 Peer observationsA co-worker from the Biology section was asked to go to some of the Sessionss and to observe down his observation in a checklist that was provided to him. He was asked to look for direction of resources, direction of clip, whether the aims of the lesson was met, schoolroom direction, and category engagement ( Refer to peer checklist in appendix **** ) . This instrument was used to triangulate informations and to formalize the action research.3.4.6 ArtifactsStudent ‘s books and work were collected for rating. For this intent, I designed a marker strategy, establishing on which I have judged the quality of work of the pupils. The taging strategy consisted of different standards. Each standard was allocated 4 Markss, giving a sum of 20 Markss. These tonss were so compared to estimate any betterment or advancement in pupils ‘ public presentation. ( Refer to appendix ****** for a sample of the taging strategy )3.4.7 Focus GroupsA focal point group is another first-class type of informations aggregation instrument, which has specific features, properties, and uses. Focus groups are meetings affecting groups of persons who have been selected by the research worker, who are peculiarly observed for the specific research subject. In this regard, frequent meetings were organised affecting the nine pupils who were observed for the research. Through these meetings, I tried to happen out from pupils if the schemes that were employed in the lessons were making all the pupils. It was after run intoing the pupils that I could acquire a better penetration on the activities to transport out to better the authorship of pupils.3.4.8 Critical friends3.5 SamplingSampling is important for analysis. For the intent of this thesis, I carried out purposive sampling. H ence, I chose a purposive sample of 30 % of 27 pupils in a signifier 3 category where I work. This sampling is representative of the mark population. The pupils are of low ability but among them, there are some pupils who tend to make better than the others. Hence, for trying, 30 % of the population was chosen stand foring a figure of 9 pupils. I sampled them as follows ; three high winners, three norm and three low winners. However, I would wish to indicate out here that when I refer to high achiever and low winner, it is non in its actual sense because all the pupils are of low ability. Here, high winner refers to those pupils who ever come out foremost, 2nd and 3rd in the tests and low winner refers to those who tend to be ranked among the last in the category.3.6 Student ‘s ProfileThe population of involvement for this survey consist of 27 pupils ( aged 14-15 ) in a signifier III category of a miss ‘s urban secondary school. The pupils joined the college with really hapless C.P.E. consequences. The pedagogues have to work hard with these pupils to do them come out with winging colorss in the S.C. test. The bulk of them belong to below middle-class households. This peculiar category was selected because it is the lone signifier three category where I work.3.7 TriangulationHarmonizing to Silverman ( 2008 ) triangulation is a research scheme whose major premise is that sociological research is a find procedure designed to acquire an nonsubjective truth that may be systematized as a formal theory of societal construction and procedure. It assumes that looking at an object fro more than one point of view provides research workers and theoreticians with more comprehensive cognition about the object. Furthermore, harmonizing to Freeman, D ( 1998, pg 96 ) , â€Å" triangulation is about what makes something hardy, able to back up its won weight, and hence reliable. Triangulation information beginnings are a affair of where you acquire your information ; triangulation aggregation methods are affair of changing the ways in which you gather that information. † Therefore, to minimise defects for the action research, I made usage of cross- scrutiny as an of import manner of look intoing that the grounds collected is every bit accurate as possible. The assorted research instruments used helped in triangulating informations and render the undertaking strong in footings of cogency and dependability. The triangulation method used as informations aggregation ( Figure aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ) provided a step of cogency affecting the assemblage of informations from three different points of positions, viz. , that of the instructor, the pupils and a participant perceiver. Direct Teacher Observation Using a Checklist DATA COLLECTING TOOLS Participant Observation/Peer Validation Student Questionnaires Informal InterviewsFigureaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . : The program for Triangulation Data Collection during the survey.Validity and dependabilityAs Silverman ( 1998 ) in Freebody, P. ( 2003, p 168 ) , â€Å" qualitative research workers in instruction demand to take earnestly the demands for dependability and cogency. † Denscombe, M. ( 1998, pg 85 ) , â€Å" Sing things from different position and the chance to confirm findings can heighten the cogency of the informations. They do non turn out that the research worker has ‘got it right ‘ , but they do give some assurance that the significance of the information has some consistence across methods. † As Silverman ( 1998 ) in Freebody, P. ( 2003, p. 168 ) , reveals qualitative research workers in instruction demand to take earnestly the demands for dependability and cogency. And harmonizing to Bassey ( 1999, p. 75 ) , dependability is the extent to which a research fact or determination can be repeated, given the same fortunes, and cogency is the extent to which a research fact or determination is what it is claimed to be. Furthermore, Kirk and Miller ( 1986 pp 20 ) define dependability as ‘the grade to which the determination is independent of inadvertent fortunes of the research ‘ . Furthermore, Silverman ( 2001, pp207-208 ) points out that look intoing the dependability is closely related to guaranting the quality of field notes. My research survey involved both qualitative and quantitative informations. The qualitative and quantitative researches seek for both dependability and cogency to supply a agency of garnering informations. Denscombe ( 1998, p. 85 ) , points out seeing things from different position and the chance to confirm findings can heighten the cogency of the information. The writer besides reveals that they do non turn out that the research worker has ‘got it right ‘ , but they do give some assurance that the significance of the information has some consistence across methods. This was done by the usage of the triangulation to back up the truth of the information gathered during my survey. The triangulation method used as informations aggregation provided a step of cogency affecting the assemblage of informations from different points of positions, viz. the pedagogues, students and co-workers.3.9 ReflexivityCarr and Kemmis ( 1986 ) commented reflexiveness as being: â€Å" Social life is automatic ; that is, it has the capacity to alter as our cognition and thought alterations, therefore making new signifiers of societal life which can, in their bend, be reconstructed. Social and educational theories must get by with this reflexiveness ; the ‘truths ‘ they tell must be seen as replies to peculiar inquiries asked in the rational context of a peculiar clip. † Carr and Kemmis ( 1986, p. 43 ) In connexion to my research undertaking, I applied reflexiveness by tie ining my research with all those concern viz. the school where I am working, my co-workers and the pupils involved in the survey. It was really of import for me to obtain informations, whether quantitative or qualitative, which are reliable to the research I am undergoing. I made it really clear to all those concerned that the research I am making will be good to the school, to the pupils and others pedagogues in this field of survey and last but non least to assist me in my professional development in being an pedagogue.3.10 Boundary lines and Restrictions3.11. Ethical considerationsAs Watt ( 1995, p. 1 ) mentioned, run intoing ethical standards leads non merely to a comparatively clear research scruples but to better research. Indeed Bassey ( 1999, p. 73 ) further refer research moralss under three headers: regard for democracy, regard for truth and regard for individuals. I conducted my survey following the re gulations of educational moralss. In order to keep rigorous ethical criterions to transport out the research, it was of import that I follow an established ethical guideline. So, at the really beginning of the research, the name of the school where the survey was carried out was non mentioned for the interest of confidentiality. Before get downing my research, I seeked the permission and credence of the Rector of my school ( Refer to appendixaˆÂ ¦. ) . The curate was informed about my research, its purpose, the agencies of roll uping the information and the deductions of the survey for the schools, my section and the students. A missive was addressed to the parents through the selected students to corroborate engagement in the survey. I wanted the participants to be in a place to give informed consent ( Cohen et al. , 2000 ) sing their engagement in the research. The pupils were informed about the intent and purpose of the survey and that they will be chosen as a sample to tran sport out a survey.The individuality of all participants was protected and anonyms were used in the thesis for confidentiality. The mark group was made cognizant that their work was being observed for the intent of research. The pupils were told that their work would be taken as artifacts and whatever observation would be made, would stay confidential, and in no manner be used against them. No parent and pupil had any expostulation.3.12 DecisionAn action research is the best-organized procedure of happening solutions to jobs through a planned and systematic aggregation, analysis, and reading of informations. Therefore, through this action research, I want to portion my cognition and experience about the betterment of instruction and acquisition of biological science through linguistic communication literacy, to fellow co-workers involved in the educational field.